Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.9.3.1 (cytochrome oxidase)
 8,822 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The development of the vibrissae and their innervation and the maturation of the brainstem trigeminal sensory nuclei have been studied in the wallaby, Macropus eugenii, from birth to adulthood. At birth, developing vibrissal follicles consist of solid epidermal pegs surrounded by dermal condensations. The developing follicles and adjacent skin are innervated by trigeminal afferents. Ten days after birth the follicle contains a dermal papilla and the deep vibrissal nerve can be recognised. A hair cone is present at postnatal day (P) 30 and hairs are apparent on the skin surface by P35. By P63 the deep vibrissal nerve can be seen innervating Merkel cells in the outer root sheath; in addition, the first signs of the blood sinus can be recognised. Innervation of the inner conical body and lanceolate and lamellated receptors supplying the mesenchymal sheath and waist region are not seen until P119, when the follicle resembles that seen in the adult. At birth, central processes of the trigeminal ganglion cells have entered the trigeminal tract and extend from the rostral pons to the upper cervical cord. Labelling with a carbocyanine dye at P0 shows afferents extending medially from the tract into the trigeminal subnuclei at all levels. At this stage the trigeminal nuclei appear as areas of increased cell density in the lateral brainstem. By P30-40 the four subnuclei can be distinguished on the basis of shape, cytoarchitecture, and succinic dehydrogenase reactivity. Adult morphology is not fully established until P210. In mature animals, nucleus principalis contains closely packed, polymorphic cells, frequently aligned parallel to thick fibre bundles that traverse the nucleus obliquely. Subnuclei oralis and interpolaris contain sparsely distributed, medium to large cells, randomly oriented, as well as prominent rostrocaudally directed fibre bundles. Subnucleus caudalis consists of the marginal layer, substantia gelatinosa, and magnocellular layers as described in other species. Patches of increased succinic dehydrogenase or cytochrome oxidase reactivity, presumably corresponding to the vibrissae, are present in subnuclei principalis, interpolaris, and caudalis in developing and adult animals, although the pattern is less clear than in rats. The brainstem patches are first seen at P40, approximately 6 weeks before the corresponding vibrissal-related pattern develops in the cortex. This suggests that the onset of patch formation may be regulated independently at different levels of the pathway.
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PMID:Timecourse of development of the wallaby trigeminal pathway. I. Periphery to brainstem. 786 Aug 1

We have investigated the relationship between cell death among photoreceptors and the expression of function- and stress-related proteins during the development of the retina of the C57BL/6J mouse. Retinas from mice aged P(postnatal day)4 to P63 (adult) were examined for cell death using the TUNEL technique, and for the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), cytochrome oxidase (CO), rod opsin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), using immunocytochemistry. At P4, cell death is most prominent in the inner layers of retina, declining to near-zero levels by P16. Cell death among photoreceptors occurs in a discrete wave commencing at approximately P12 and remaining elevated into the 4th postnatal week, beginning, peaking and declining later than in inner retina. The onset of photoreceptor death correlates with the expression of function-related molecules, such as CO and opsin. The decline in photoreceptor death correlates with the expression of the protective factor bFGF in photoreceptors. At the anterior edge of the retina photoreceptor death and the expression of bFGF are accelerated, and the expression of bFGF and GFAP is upregulated, by an edge-specific stress. We conclude that in the mouse photoreceptors undergo a wave of death which culls the neonatal population to adult levels. The onset of photoreceptor death is related to the acceleration of photoreceptor metabolism and function between P12 and P20. The decline of photoreceptor death to the very low levels found in the adult may be mediated by the upregulation of protective factors such as bFGF. Photoreceptor death and the expression of bFGF and GFAP at the edge of the retina are regulated by a still-unidentified, edge-specific stress, from as early as P16.
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PMID:Developmental death of photoreceptors in the C57BL/6J mouse: association with retinal function and self-protection. 1247 Sep 72