Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.9.3.1 (cytochrome oxidase)
 8,822 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Subepicardial and subendocardial arteries and arterioles in both the left and right normal canine ventricle were examined histochemically to determine their metabolic profiles. Aerobic metabolic capacity was assessed by determining the reactivities of the enzymes cytochrome oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase and NAD-isocitrate dehydrogenase. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was examined to assess activity of the hexose-monophosphate-shunt. The substrate glycogen was determined as an evaluation of anaerobic metabolic capacity, while the amounts of deoxyribonucleic and ribonucleic acid were assessed as an indication of protein synthesis. Results of the present investigation indicate that despite known hemodynamic differences, the metabolic profile of the coronary vasculature is similar in all regions of ventricular myocardium. Reactivities of the enzymes succinate and NAD-isocitrate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase are greater in smooth muscle of arterioles than in arteries. This suggests that arteriolar smooth muscle has a higher capacity for aerobic metabolism than does arterial smooth muscle. The greater reactivity of glycogen in arterial, than in arteriolar smooth muscle, suggests that arterial muscle is more adapted for anaerobic metabolism. Deoxyribonucleic and ribonucleic acids demonstrate a low reactivity in both arteries and arterioles from all regions of ventricular myocardium which conforms to the opinion that under normal conditions, coronary vasculature is quite stable with little cell proliferation. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase shows little reactivity in all myocardial vessels with implies a low capacity for nucleic acid and protein synthesis.
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PMID:A histochemical study of the microvasculature in the left and right cardiac ventricles of the dog. 21 88

Forebrain arterioles were analyzed histochemically to determine the effects of an acute administration of ethanol on key enzymes of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism as well as on the hexose monophosphate shunt in rats. The enzymes were glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase, beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase. All enzymes were quantified under two conditions: 1 h and 2 days after ethanol administration. Significant changes were noted in four of the five enzymes measured after 1 h and in all five enzymes when measured 2 days after ethanol administration. Our data suggest that ethanol may cause impaired metabolism in the forebrain microvasculature, which, in turn, may account for some of the characteristic behavioral effects of acute ethanol administration.
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PMID:Ethanol alters microvasculature enzymes in the rat forebrain. 284 97

The duration of the presumed metabolic depression of syngeneic vena cava to aorta transplants was determined in rats and the site and type of energy metabolism in the vein grafts assessed. The aerobic metabolic activity was measured from the histochemical reactivity of the enzymes, succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase, and the anaerobic activity by staining with lactate dehydrogenase. The activity of the hexose-monophosphate shunt was assessed by the histochemical demonstration of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Sixteen hours after grafting a pronounced metabolic depression was noted. Recovery occurred 24 hours after transplantation. The most intense staining was from lactate dehydrogenase in the vein grafts and in the non-transplanted veins. At the end of the observation period of four months the grafts were definitely more strongly stained than the non-transplanted veins, with most of the activity in the thickened intima. This layer had a metabolic profile resembling that of the media of the adjacent aorta.
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PMID:Histochemical examination of energy metabolism in aortic vein grafts in rats. 302 37

The goal was to describe the metabolic profile of ganglionic and cortical arteries and arterioles in aging normotensive male rats. Five enzymes indicative of key metabolic pathways in the vessel walls were semiquantitatively evaluated using bright-field histochemical microscopy. Lactate dehydrogenase showed significant reactivity which increased with vessel diameter in cortical and ganglionic vessels in all age groups tested. Succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase showed little reactivity in both cortical and ganglionic vessels, suggesting a reduced role for aerobic metabolic pathways. Myosin ATPase reactivity was high in cortical and ganglionic vessels. Only this enzyme showed an increased reactivity that was correlated with the age and diameter of the vessel. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase reactivity was more pronounced in cortical than ganglionic vessels, suggesting that the hexose-monophosphate-shunt may be more active in the cortical vessels. There were no regional differences in enzyme reactivity throughout the caudatoputamen. In conclusion, both the cortical and ganglionic vessels are metabolically active, with significant anaerobic glycolysis, and reduced, but observable capacity for aerobic metabolism. The decreased myosin ATPase reactivity and the low level of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase reactivity in the ganglionic arterioles of senescent rats may contribute to the susceptibility of these vessels to cerebrovascular accidents.
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PMID:A histochemical study of cerebral cortical vessels and ganglionic vessels of the caudatoputamen in aging normotensive rats. 315 35

We studied energy metabolism after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Four different cerebral areas were tested: frontal cortex, occipital cortex, hippocampus, and brainstem. Vmax of the following enzymatic activities was evaluated: in the homogenate: hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and lactate dehydrogenase for the glycolytic pathway, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase for the hexose monophosphate shunt; in the purified nonsynaptic mitochondria: NAD+-isocitrate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, and succinate dehydrogenase for the Krebs cycle, and cytochrome oxidase for the electron transfer chain. We also evaluated some parameters related to the respiration of nonsynaptic mitochondria (State 3, State 4, uncoupled state, respiratory control ratio, and ADP:O ratio). Subarachnoid hemorrhage did not significantly affect Vmax of the enzymatic activities related to anaerobic and aerobic metabolism; however, mitochondrial respiration was affected, particularly in the presence of NADH-producing substrates (glutamate + malate).
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PMID:Bioenergetics of different brain areas after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. 335 25

Cerebral forebrain arterioles and neuropil were analyzed histochemically to determine the effects of chloral hydrate anesthesia on key enzymes of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism, as well as the hexose monophosphate shunt in rats. Significant decreases were observed in cytochrome oxidase, and beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase in arterioles, while glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and isocitric dehydrogenase showed a significant increase and lactate dehydrogenase showed no significant change. In the neuropil, cytochrome oxidase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase showed significant increases following chloral hydrate administration, while beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase showed no significant changes. These data suggest that surgical anesthetic levels of chloral hydrate can impair forebrain metabolism which may lead to altered electrophysiological responses.
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PMID:Chloral hydrate anesthesia alters cerebral enzymes in the rat. A histochemical study. 343 84

Left ventricular arterioles from Sprague-Dawley rats were analyzed histochemically to determine the effects of halothane administration on key enzymes of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism, as well as on key enzymes of the hexose monophosphate shunt. Significant decreases occurred in cytochrome oxidase (-42%) and beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (-57%). No significant changes were observed in isocitrate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, or lactate dehydrogenase. These data suggest that anesthetic levels of halothane can cause impaired metabolism in the coronary microvasculature.
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PMID:Halothane depletes cardiac microvasculature enzymes in the rat. 343 87

Van Etten, James L. (University of Illinois, Urbana), H. Peter Molitoris, and David Gottlieb. Changes in fungi with age. II. Respiration and respiratory enzymes of Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium bataticola. J. Bacteriol. 91:169-175. 1966.-The rate of respiration of Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium bataticola decreased with age. This decrease in respiratory rate might be produced by a decrease in the specific activity of one or more enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. Specific activities in cell-free extracts were measured for most of the enzymes in the hexose monophosphate shunt, Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and terminal electron-transport system. In addition, glucose oxidase, isocitritase, and malic enzyme were measured. In R. solani, increases in activity with age occurred for hexokinase, alpha-glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase, malic dehydrogenase, and cytochrome oxidase. Decreases occurred for phosphohexokinase, aconitase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-specific isocitric dehydrogenase, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidase, and at least one of the enzymes between 3-phosphoglycerate and pyruvate. In S. bataticola, increases in activity with age were observed for phosphohexokinase, pyruvic dehydrogenase, fumarase, malic dehydrogenase, and malic enzyme, whereas none of the enzymes decreased. The specific activities of the remaining enzymes did not change with age in either fungus.
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PMID:Changes in fungi with age. II. Respiration and respiratory enzymes of Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium bataticola. 428 29

Coronary arteries and arterioles in the left ventricle from the primate Macaca fascicularis were histochemically examined to evaluate their metabolic profiles. Succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase activities were assessed to evaluate aerobic metabolic capacity, while myosin ATPase activity was determined as an index of ATP utilization for contraction. Anaerobic capacity was evaluated from lactate dehydrogenase and glycogen reactivity. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was examined to determine capacity of the hexose-monophosphate-shunt, while the amounts of deoxyribonucleicc and ribonuclei acids were assessed as possible indicators of protein synthesis. Succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase demonstrated slight reactivity in both coronary arteries and arterioles indicating a low capacity for aerobic metabolism. Myosin ATPase showed strong activity in arteries and even stronger reactivity in arterioles, suggesting that arteriolar smooth muscle is more capable of utilizing ATP. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was extremely low in both arteries and arterioles, while deoxyribonucleic and ribonucleic acids demonstrated only slight to moderate reactivity in both arteries and arterioles, indicating that under normal conditions the coronary vasculature appears quite stable with little cell proliferation.
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PMID:A histochemical evaluation of metabolism in the coronary vasculature of the primate. 617 63

A histochemical study of the metabolism of rat renal arteries and arterioles. Rat renal arteries and arterioles were examined histochemically to determine their metabolic profiles. Succinate, malate and NAD-isocitrate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase and ubiquinone were assessed to determine aerobic metabolism. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and DPN diaphorase were evaluated to determine hexose-monophosphate-shunt activity. Anaerobic metabolism was evaluated via lactate dehydrogenase, and the substrate, glycogen. Gomori's lipase, beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and amounts of neutral fat and free fatty acids were assessed as indicators of lipid utilization. Myosin ATPase activity was evaluated as an index of ATP utilization for contraction. Deoxyribonucleic and ribonucleic acids were appraised as indicators of protein synthesis. In general, the oxidative enzymes and myosin ATPase demonstrate considerable activity in renal arteries and arterioles which suggests aerobic metabolism and ATP usage. Renal arteries and arterioles also appear capable of anaerobic metabolism as indicated by strong lactate dehydrogenase reactivity and by the presence of slight to moderate quantities of glycogen, while high levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and moderate amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid suggest a potential for beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, minimal lipase activity, and the absence of fatty acids with substantial amounts of neutral fat, indicate limited lipid catabolism.
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PMID:A histochemical study of the metabolism of rat renal arteries and arterioles. 620 11


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