Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.9.3.1 (cytochrome oxidase)
 8,822 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Six species of Australian gall-forming thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera) on Acacia exhibit soldier castes, individuals with reduced wings and enlarged forelegs that defend their gall against interspecific invaders. We used data from two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome oxidase I and 16S rDNA), adult morphology and behavior, and gall morphology to infer a phylogeny for Acacia gall-forming thrips with and without soldiers, and we used this phylogeny to evaluate hypotheses concerning soldier evolution. Phylogenies inferred from each data set analyzed separately yielded large numbers of most-parsimonious trees and weak support for most nodes. However, when analyzed together the data sets complemented and reinforced one another in such a way as to yield a well-resolved phylogeny. Our phylogeny implies that soldiers originated once or twice early in the history of this clade, that soldiers were lost once or twice, and that soldiers evolved from winged dispersers rather than from nonsoldier within-gall reproductive offspring of foundresses. The phylogeny also provides evidence for long-term morphological stasis, an ancient split between eastern and western gall thrips species, and a high degree of conservatism in host-plant affiliations.
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PMID:Phylogenetics of social behavior in Australian gall-forming thrips: evidence from mitochondrial DNA sequence, adult morphology and behavior, and gall morphology. 947 5

The species of thrips found on Acacia constitute a major component of the Australian thrips fauna, with at least 235 species in more than 30 genera, many of these being in the process of description as new. These thrips exhibit social behaviours, ranging from solitary and colonial species to a variety of more complex social organisations. Furthermore, the domiciliary habits of these species include domicile construction, gall induction, and opportunistic use of abandoned galls and domiciles. This suite of thrips also includes a variety of inquiline and kleptoparasitic taxa. To understand how these various traits have evolved and interact in this diverse group, we have reconstructed a phylogeny for 42 species of thrips associated with Acacia around Australia. We obtained DNA sequence data from two nuclear genes (Elongation Factor-1alpha and wingless) and one mitochondrial gene (cytochrome oxidase I) and analysed these using maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods. A phylogeny resulting from such analysis allows inference of evolutionary transitions in domiciliary habits, social organisations, and parasitic behaviours. Gall induction and parasitic behaviour are postulated to each have a single origin, with no losses of either trait. Once parasitism evolved a remarkable radiation followed that allowed exploitation of very diverse hosts. Our data do not allow hypotheses of single versus multiple origins of domicile building to be resolved while opportunistic gall use appears to have arisen several times.
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PMID:Phylogenetics of Australian Acacia thrips: the evolution of behaviour and ecology. 1241 10

Non-native Acacia plantations in Indonesia were first reported to be infested by a native ambrosia beetle species, identified as Euwallacea fornicatus in 1993. Recently the level of infestation in these plantations by ambrosia beetles has steadily increased. The recent redefinition of the taxonomic parameters of the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex has resulted in the identity of the ambrosia beetle species in these plantations becoming unclear. This is also true for their obligate fungal associates. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the ambrosia beetle species, as well as its corresponding fungal associate/s, infesting Acacia crassicarpa plantations in Riau, Indonesia. Morphological identification and phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (COI) gene, revealed that the beetles are E. perbrevis, previously a synonym of E. fornicatus and commonly referred to as the Tea Shot Hole Borer A (TSHBa). Multi-locus phylogenetic analyses of the fungal associate of E. perbrevis revealed a Fusarium sp. that is among members of the Ambrosia Fusarium Clade (AFC), but that is genetically distinct from other previously identified Fusarium symbionts of Euwallacea species. This novel fungal species is described here as Fusarium rekanum sp. nov.
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PMID:Euwallacea perbrevis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), a confirmed pest on Acacia crassicarpa in Riau, Indonesia, and a new fungal symbiont; Fusarium rekanum sp. nov. 3208 83