Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.9.3.1 (cytochrome oxidase)
 8,822 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A simplified, concise scheme was developed for the identification of nonfermentative, gram-negative bacteria which have most frequently been reported in the literature as definite or possible agents of human disease. These organisms included apyocyanogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, P. putida, P. stutzeri, P. maltophilia, P. putrefaciens, P. cepacia, P. alcaligenes, FLAVOBACTERIUM SPECIES, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Acinetobacter anitratum (Herellea vaginicola), A. Iwoffi (Mima polymorpha), Moraxella species, Alcaligenes odorans and Alcaligenes species. The tests used for identification included production of cytochrome oxidase, amylase, deoxyribonuclease, gelatinase, urease and Beta-galactosidase; motility; oxidation of one per cent glucose and ten per cent lactose; fluorescence; indole, hydrogen sulfide and nitrogen gas production; denitrification of nitrites; growth at 42C; penicillin sensitivity and production of an aromatic odor and greenish discoloration on blood agar. Using this scheme, 85 per cent of 243 isolates (unknowns and reference strains) were identified to genus and species. Of the 15 per cent remaining, 11 per cent were identified as alkaline organisms and four per cent were unidentifiable.
 ...
PMID:Identification of nonfermentative gram-negative bacteria in the clinical laboratory. 16 60

Sixty-eight Haemophilus somnus strains isolated from the bovine in Canada and the U.S.A. were compared. In media enriched with 5% ovine serum, 5% bovine serum and 10% yeast extract, H. somnus fermented glucose, levulose, maltose, mannitol, mannose, sorbitol, trehalose and xylose, but failed to ferment arabinose, dulcitol, galactose, inositol, lactose, raffinose, rhamnose, salicin and sucrose. The organisms acidified litmus milk, produced cytochrome oxidase, indole and hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) and reduced nitrates to nitrites. The motility, methyl-red, acetylmethyl-carbinol urease catalase, citrate, malonate, lysine, ornithine and arginine tests were negative. Haemophilus somnus was resistant to lincomycin, neomycin and triple sulfa, but susceptible to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, penicillin and tetracycline. No antigenic differences were noted between strains when tested against rabbit antisera of eight strains using agglutination, complement-fixation, immunodiffusion and counterimmunoelectrophoresis tests. Low titre cross-reactions were found in the agglutination tests with some of the anti-H. somnus rabbit sera with Actinobacillus lignieresi and Moraxella bovis. No distinct antigenic similarities to nine other species of pathogenic bacteria of animal origin were found. No difference was observed between H. somnus isolates from Ontario and those from western Canada and the U.S.A.
 ...
PMID:A comparison of various Haemophilus somnus strains. 92 55

Liposomes composed of Escherichia coli phospholipid were coated with polysaccharides bearing hydrophobic palmitoyl anchors. The effect on the stability of liposomes without or with integral membrane proteins was investigated. A high concentration of hydrophobized dextrans protected the liposomes against detergent degradation, decreased the fluidity of the membranes, prevented fusion of the liposomes and enhanced their stability. Proteoliposomes containing beef heart cytochrome-c oxidase and the lactose transport carrier of E. coli were similarly affected by coating with the dextrans. Under these conditions both membrane proteins were still active. Long-term stability of the coated liposomes was obtained only in the absence of the integral membrane proteins.
 ...
PMID:The stability and functional properties of proteoliposomes mixed with dextran derivatives bearing hydrophobic anchor groups. 137 44

The amino acid sequences of 15 sugar permeases of the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS) were divided into four homologous segments, and these segments were analyzed to give phylogenetic trees. The permease segments fell into four clusters: the lactose-cellobiose cluster, the fructose-mannitol cluster, the glucose-N-acetylglucosamine cluster, and the sucrose-beta-glucoside cluster. Sequences of the glucitol and mannose permeases (clusters 5 and 6, respectively) were too dissimilar to establish homology with the other permeases, but short regions of statistically significant sequence similarities were noted. The functional and structural relationships of these permease segments are discussed. Some of the homologous PTS permeases were found to exhibit sufficient sequence similarity to subunits 4 and 5 of the eukaryotic mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase complex to suggest homology. Moreover, subunits 4 and 5 of this complex appeared to be homologous to each other, suggesting that these PTS and mitochondrial proteins comprise a superfamily. The integral membrane subunits of the evolutionarily divergent mannose PTS permease, the P and M subunits, exhibited limited sequence similarity to subunit 6 of the mitochondrial F1F0-ATPase and subunit 5b of cytochrome oxidase, respectively. These results suggest that PTS sugar permeases and mitochondrial proton-translocating proteins may be related, although the possibility of convergent evolution cannot be ruled out.
 ...
PMID:Evolutionary relationships among the permease proteins of the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate: sugar phosphotransferase system. Construction of phylogenetic trees and possible relatedness to proteins of eukaryotic mitochondria. 192 Apr 54

1. A number of dietary sugars are known to mediate the effects of copper deficiency. The effects of lactose (compared with sucrose) and a dietary Cu deficiency on hepatic and cardiac antioxidant enzyme activities and tissue mineral element status were investigated in the rat. 2. Groups (n 6) of male weanling Wistar rats were provided ad lib. with deionized water and diets containing sucrose (580 g/kg) or sucrose and lactose (387 g/kg and 193 g/kg respectively) with either control (12.0 mg/kg) or deficient (1.5 mg/kg) quantities of Cu for 77 d. 3. Animals consuming the low-Cu diets exhibited significantly decreased tissue Cu levels (P less than 0.01), hepatic and cardiac cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1, CCO) activities (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.001 respectively) and hepatic Cu-zinc superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1, CuZnSOD) activity (P less than 0.05). The low-Cu diets also significantly decreased cardiac manganese superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1, MnSOD), catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) and glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9, GSH-Px) activities (P less than 0.01, P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.001 respectively). 4. Hepatic Mn was significantly increased in both lactose-fed (P less than 0.001) and Cu-deficient (P less than 0.01) animals. These increases were unrelated to hepatic MnSOD activity. Cardiac Zn was significantly (P less than 0.01) increased in Cu-deficient animals. 5. Lactose feeding resulted in significantly increased cardiac CCO activity (P less than 0.001) but significantly decreased hepatic CuZnSOD (P less than 0.05), catalase (P less than 0.01) and GSH-Px (P less than 0.001) activities. 6. The activities of lactose dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27, LDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49, G6PDH) were found to be significantly (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01 respectively) increased in Cu-deficient animals and G6PDH activity was significantly (P less than 0.01) decreased as a result of lactose consumption. 7. The observed changes in antioxidant enzyme activities associated with both Cu deficieny and lactose consumption may have important implications for the development of free radical mediated cell damage. However, no significant differences in either hepatic or cardiac levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, a measure of lipid peroxidation, were found.
 ...
PMID:Effects of copper deficiency on hepatic and cardiac antioxidant enzyme activities in lactose- and sucrose-fed rats. 253 51

The scheme for the identification of Gram-negative nonfermenting microorganisms is proposed. The scheme comprises the most important key signs, such as the cytochrome oxidase reaction determined by the method of Gaby and Hadley, the oxidation/fermentation test, maltose oxidation and motility, as well as additional key signs, among them gelatinase activity, the oxidation of 10% lactose, nitratase activity with the liberation of free nitrogen, the utilization of the sources of carbon and energy (glucose and sodium acetate) in limited media containing ammonium salts and nitrates as the sources of nitrogen. Additional tests for the identification of nonfermenting microorganisms similar in their main key signs are also recommended.
 ...
PMID:[Taxonomic identification of gram-negative nonfermenting microorganisms in environmental research]. 298 90

Most active transport across the bacterial cell membrane is driven by a proton electrochemical gradient (delta-muH+, interior negative and alkaline) generated via electron transfer through a membrane-bound respiratory chain. This phenomenon is now reproduced in vitro with proteoliposomes containing only two proteins purified from the membrane of Escherichia coli. An o-type cytochrome oxidase was extracted from membranes of a cytochrome d terminal oxidase mutant with octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside after sequential treatment with urea and cholate and was purified to homogeneity by ion-exchange chromatography. The purified oxidase contains four polypeptides (MrS 66,000, 35,000, 22,000, and 17,000), two b-type cytochromes (b558 and b563), and 16-17 nmol of heme b per mg of protein, and it catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol and other electron donors with specific activities 20- to 30-fold higher than crude membranes. The lac carrier protein was purified as described. Proteoliposomes were formed in the presence of the oxidase and lac carrier protein by detergent dilution, followed by freeze-thaw/sonication. The system generates a delta-muH+ (interior negative and alkaline) with ubiquinol as electron donor and the magnitude of delta-muH+ is dependent on the concentration of cytochrome o in the proteoliposomes. Furthermore, the proteoliposomes transport lactose against a concentration gradient to an extent that is commensurate with the magnitude of delta-muH+ generated. The results provide powerful additional support for the "chemiosmotic hypothesis" and demonstrate that purified lac carrier protein retains the ability to function in a physiological manner.
 ...
PMID:Reconstitution of active transport in proteoliposomes containing cytochrome o oxidase and lac carrier protein purified from Escherichia coli. 630 57

The dehydrogenase (DHG) or oxidation-reduction test is proposed for use together with the determination of such enzymes as hydrolases, cytochrome oxidase, dehydrocarboxylase, urease, etc. 200 Citrobacter freundii cultures and 76 strains of enteropathogenic Escherichia (EPE) were studied with the determination of their DHG activity in semiliquid mannitol and in Kligler's medium. The study revealed that this test, characterized by the reduction of the indicator, similarly to that in salmonellae and shigellae, was constantly negative in semiliquid mannitol in C. freundii and in 97.3% of cases in EPE. In 17.5% of C. freundii lactose-positive cultures the DHG test in Kligler's medium was positive, which made it possible to regard them as a separate biovar. Taking into account the results of this investigation, the subdivision of C. freundii into 3 biovars is proposed.
 ...
PMID:[An additional dehydrogenase or oxidation-reduction test in the classification of enterobacteria]. 978 92