Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.9.3.1 (cytochrome oxidase)
 8,822 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Genetic rat models are important for research on the neural networks of attention and emotionality. Naples-High Excitability (NHE) rats and Naples Low-Excitability (NLE) rats were investigated with random-bred (NRB) rats as controls. These rat lines were named for their respective behavior on spatial novelty tasks. Quantitative cytochrome oxidase (CO) histochemistry has been demonstrated to reflect long-lasting changes in tissue metabolic capacity. CO metabolic differences between the NLE and NHE were found in the granular cell layer of the outer blade of the dentate gyrus. In addition, NLE showed greater CO activity than NRB in medial frontal cortex, and lower activity in perirhinal cortex (dorsal region). NHE showed greater CO activity than NRB in entorhinal cortex (superficial layers) and lower activities in perirhinal cortex and cortical amygdala. These data support the hypothesis that NLE/NHE rats may be an appropriate model for studying genetically altered limbic regions related to impaired emotional processing. The results support the involvement of limbic circuits in attentive processes and impulsiveness, and support the use of the NLE and NHE strains as animal models of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children.
 ...
PMID:Network operations revealed by brain metabolic mapping in a genetic model of hyperactivity and attention deficit: the naples high- and low-excitability rats. 1065 73

This study aimed at investigating the neural substrates of spatial and non-spatial Behavioural components of exploration to novelty by a neurogenetic approach. Thus, functional imaging and Behavioural analysis were carried out in the Naples High-Excitability (NHE) rats, a model of hyperactivity and attention-deficit. Quantitative cytochrome oxidase (C.O.) histochemistry was used to measure the basal metabolic capacity of different forebrain structures. In parallel experiments, exploration in an 8-arm radial maze (Olton-maze) with extra-maze cues was used to measure attentional, motivational and spatial components of Behaviour after feeding rats' ad-libitum or at a reduced diet. Functional imaging analysis: brains from naive rats were stained for quantitative C.O. histochemistry along with standards. NHE rats showed lower C.O. activity in perirhinal and posterior-parietal cortex (all layers) and cortical amygdala, and greater activity in entorhinal cortex (superficial layers). The outer granular cell layer of the dentate gyrus had greater activity in NHE. Behavioural analysis: at low and high motivational level, maze exploration was reinforced during shaping throughout and then only a single arm. The Behaviour was monitored by a CCD camera and videotaped. (i) There was no line difference in working memory during non reinforced maze exploration, independent of the motivational level; (ii) during shaping with all baited arms, there was no line difference in working memory, but NHE rats showed a very low or lower food consumption at low and high motivational level, respectively; (iii) rats showed a higher working memory in finding the single baited arm at high motivational level; (iv) NHE rats paid little attention towards reinforcement upon visiting the baited arm only at low motivational level. Thus, Behavioural and functional neuroimaging analysis suggests the neural substrates of spatial and non-spatial components of exploration to be underlined by different network operations in the neocortical and limbic cortices in the NHE rat lines. Therefore, they appear as an useful tool to the understanding of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children.
 ...
PMID:Impaired metabolic capacity in the perirhinal and posterior parietal cortex lead to dissociation between attentional, motivational and spatial components of exploration in the Naples High-Excitability rat. 1186 29