Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.9.3.1 (cytochrome oxidase)
8,822 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The histrochemistry of the adrenal glands was studied in four adult male marmosets (two Callithrix jacchus and two Callithrix penicillata). It was impossible to demonstrate any reactivity to UDPG-GT, ADH, alanyl aminopeptidase, leucine aminopeptidase, xilitol (NAD-dependent) dehydrogenase, beta-glucuronidase and aryl-sulfatase in these glands. Total phosphorylase was found in scattered cells of the glomerulosa and adjacent outer fasciculata of one C. penicillata. The dehydrogenases (LDH, G-6-PDH,6-PGDH, NADPH2-TR,ICDH,SDH,NADH2-TR, alpha-GPDH, beta-OHBDH) as well as the hydrolases (except alkaline phosphatase, ATPase, and acetylcholinesterase) showed a stonger reactivity in the cortical part. Some hydrolases (naphthol acetate esterase, acid phosphatase) and cytochrome oxidase were less reactive in the zona glomerulosa, where the dehydrogenases were more abundant. The outer fasciculata and the reticularis also showed a strong dehydrogenase reactivity.
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PMID:Histochemical studies on the adrenal glands of the marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata). 0 44

The histochemistry of the neural cells was studied in the submandibular ganglia of 5 Callithrix jacchus (3 males and 2 females) and 4 Callithrix penicillata (2 males and 2 females). These cells contain neutral mucopolysaccharides, nucleoproteins and lipidic materia, but are apparently devoid of glycogen. It is impossible to demonstrate in them any reactivity for UDPG-GT, phosphorylases, ATPase at pH 6.3, leucine aminopeptidase and alanyl aminopeptidas. The reaction for the other searched enzymes was as follows: weak (F-1,6-P Ald and cytochrome oxidase), weak to moderate (ADH, 6-P-GDH, ICDH, SDH, MDH, alpha-GPDH and beta-OHBDH), moderate (G-6-PDH, F-1,6-PA, LDH and GDH), moderate to strong (ATPase at pH 7.4, nonspecific esterase and acid phosphatase) and strong (G-6-PA, NADH2,-TR, NADPH2-TR, ATPase at pH 8.5 and 9.4 and alkaline phosphatase).
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PMID:Histochemical studies on the submandibular ganglia of marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penecillata). 14 13

The epithelial cells in the taste buds of C. jacchus and C. penicillata show a moderate amount of ribonucleic acid an a concentration of a PAS-positive diastase-resistant material at their apical part. These cells are devoid of UDPG-GT, phosphorylases, G-6-PA, alanyl aminopeptidase, leucine aminopeptidase, cholinesterase and MAO; they present a weak reaction of F-1, 6-P Ald, LDH, SDH, MDH, cytochrome oxidase, beta-OHBDH, nonspecific esterase and acid phosphatase and a stronger reaction to ADH, NADPH2-TR, ATPases, alpha-GPDH, alkaline phosphatase, 5-nucleotidase and GDH. Although some enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, 5-nucleotidase and ATPases) have an almost uniform reactivity by the several taste buds, the other ones react with a lesser intensity in the smaller uniform reactivity by the several taste buds, the other ones react with a lesser intensity in the smaller taste buds of the fungiform papillae. As a rule the apical part of the cells shows a stronger enzymatic reactivity. The taste buds of the marmosets are penetrated by acetylcholinesterase positive nerve fibers whereas the autonomic ganglia in the connective tissue contain both-acetyl and butyrylcholinesterase.
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PMID:Histochemical observations on the taste buds of the marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata). 15 39

The circum ventricular region of C. batrachus is highly vascular and the ependymal cells appear differently when stained with haematoxylin, silver impregnation and Golgi-Cox techniques. The ventricule has PAS and AF positive material and some ependymal cells themselves are PAS positive. Few AF positive peptidergic and several AF negative small neurons have liquor contacting terminals. Golgi-Cox preparations reveal a variety of forms among the tanycytes. Their basal processes which are barbed or studded with varicosities, usually end on blood vessels and other neuronal elements. These basal processes themselves are often seen in direct morphological contact. Smaller silver positive cells without basal processes are also evident. Some tanycytes have apical processes resembling broadened endfeet. Few neurosecretory tracts are Golgi-Cox positive and can be differentiated from the tanycytic processes by their smooth surface. Varying degrees of ascorbic acid activity are noticed inside the ventricle, among the tanycytes and in the neurons of the NLT. Some of the latter neurons have liquor contacting terminals as well. The ChE activity noticed in some parts of the ependyma and in some NLT cells suggest their probable differential cholinergic control. Presence of SDH, NADPH and NADH diaphorases and cytochrome oxidase in varying quantities in the ependymal cells suggests that they are metabolically active. Presence of MAO positive tracts bridging the subependyma and ventricle suggests the degradation of monoamines at these sites. The presence of various enzymes and the morphological relationship of the tanycytes described in this species are comparable to those of the mammals. It is significant as this species is reported to have a median eminence morphologically resembling the tetrapods.
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PMID:A micromorphological and histoenzymological study on the third ventricular ependyma of the teleost Clarias batrachus (L.). 21 33

The present work is a continuation of our studies on mitochondrial functions and enzyme activities after acute exhaustive swimming in liver and myocardium. In rat heart mitochondria the activities of SDH, cytochrome oxidase and ATPase (DNP-stimulated) increase after swimming and remain at that level until the end of the 22-hour rest period studied. The enzyme complexes--rotenone-sensitive NAD. H-cytochrome c-reductase and succinate-cytochrome c-reductase--decrease their activities in both experimental groups. The reduced activity of these two enzymes is determined by changes in this part of the respiratory chain which occur after the incorporation of DCPIP in the oxidation-reduction processes. The marker enzyme of the outer mitochondrial membranes--rotenone-insensitive NAD.H-cytochrome c-reductase--reveals unchanged activity after swimming and a 22-hour period of rest. The different changes in the activities of enzymes with different localization and organization in heart mitochondria are explained by disorganization of the inner membranes after exhaustive swimming, which could induce both activation of some enzymes and inhibition of others. The effect of certain factors during muscle exercise which could cause the established structural and functional changes in the mitochondria is discussed.
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PMID:Effect of single exhaustive swimming on mitochondrial enzyme activities in rat myocardium. 61 30

The structure and histochemistry of the palmar and plantar skin were studied in four adult male marmosets (two Callithrix jacchus and two Callithrix penicillata). In this skin there exist well-developed epidermal ridges, to which are attached one or two ducts of sweat glands. A thick stratum corneum can be seen in the epidermis, while a distinct stratum lucidum cannot be isolated from the other layers. The stratum granulosum is constituted by one or three layers of cells containing keratohyalin granules. Melanin granulations are mainly concentrated in the basal cells of the epidermal ridges. Dendritic melanocytes and amelanotic melanocytes containing alkaline phosphatase are found among the epidermal cells. Glycogen, UDPG-GT and phosphorylases are mainly present in the middle and lower Malpighian cells of the epidermal ridges. Alkaline phosphatase, ATPase, alanyl amino-peptidase and leucine aminopeptidase were absent in the epidermal cells. SDH, cytochrome oxidase, MAO and a certain number of NAD-dependent dehydrogenases (LDH, ADH, MDH, alpha-GPDH, beta-OHBDH and GDH) showed a stronger reactivity in the basal cells and Malpighian layer. The NADP-dependent enzymes (G-6-PDH, 6-PGDH, cis-aconistase and ICDH) were more reactive in the upper Malpighian layer and stratum granulosum. The stratum corneum showed some acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase reactivity. The collagenous fibers intertwined with a small number of very thin elastic ones and a larger amount of reticular fibers run almost parallel to the epidermal ridges in the papillary body. In the reticular dermis some fibers are disposed transversely to the epidermal ridges. Meissner corpuscles reactive to butyrylcholinesterase, acetylcholinesterase, nonspecific esterase and G-6-PA are disposed at regular intervals and frequently at each side of the epidermal ridges. Pacinian corpuscles were found only in the hypodermis. The eccrine sweat glands contain glycogen, UDPG-GT and phosphorylase in their secretory, ductal and myoepithelial cells. The secretory part shows a uniform reactivity for every dehydrogenase because it contains only one type of cells (clear cells). The intraepidermal segment of the ducts shows a stronger reactivity to nonspecific esterase and NADP-dependent dehydrogenases than the epithelial cells around it.
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PMID:The skin of the palms and soles of the marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata). 82 86

Histoenzymologic differences between the parotid, paramandibular and submandibular glands were studied in six Callithrix jacchus (four males and two females) and four Callithrix penicillata (three males and one female). The acinous cells of the paramandibular glands showed a stronger reactivity for the diaphorases (NADH2-TR and NADPH2-TR) and for a certain group of enzymes of the carbohydrate metabolism (F-1-6P Ald, LDH, ADH, G-6-PDH and 6-PGDH), lipid metabolism (alpha-GPDH, beta-OHBDH, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase), protein metabolism (alanyl aminopeptidase, leucine aminopeptidase and GDH) and respiratory chain (cris-aconitase and ICDH). The nonspecific esterase was more reactive in the basal part of of the mucous cells of the submandibular glands. Conversely, some enzymes of the respiratory chain (SDH, cytochrome oxidase and ATPases) showed a stronger reactivity in the serous cells of the parotid and submandibular glands. The paramandibular glands exhibited a lesser autonomic innervation than the parotid and submandibular.
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PMID:Histochemical differences between the major salivary glands of the marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata). 82 38

In liver mitochondria of control animals and of animals subjected to swimming for three hours experiments are made to determine the activities of rotenone-insensitive NAD.H-cytochrome c-oxireductase, succinate-cytochrome c-oxireductase, MDH, SDH, ATP-ase and cytochrome oxidase, as well as oxygen uptake, respiratory control index and ADP/O ratio upon oxidation of succinate and glutamate + malate. Decrease of the ADP/O ratio and of the respiratory control index, as well as increased ATP-ase activity, are established after swimming. The e--transport rate decreases. The activity of the remaining enzymes is unchanged. The activities of MDH, SDH, NAD.H-cytochrome c- and succinate-cytochrome c-oxireductases decrease 22 hours after exhaustive swimming. The activities of the cytochrome oxidase and the ATP-ase are unchanged compared with the controls. A single exhaustive loading results in changes in the capacity of phosphorylation in the liver mitochondria and the changes in the activities of the enzymes studied are established 22 hours later.
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PMID:Effect of exhaustive swimming on the oxidative phosphorylation and the activity of some enzymes in rat liver mitochondria. 101 5

We studied 40 MELAS patients (21 male and 19 female) to characterize the clinical features and biochemical and muscle biopsy findings related to the mtDNA mutation at the nucleotide position of 3,243, the most common genetic defect in MELAS. The most frequent symptom was episodic sudden headache with vomiting and convulsions, which commonly affected patients aged 5 to 15 years (80%). Biochemical defects in the muscle were variable; 13 patients had complex I, seven complex IV, and four complexes I + IV deficiencies. In four muscle biopsies without ragged-red fibers or any enzyme defect, we based the diagnosis on the identification of strongly SDH-reactive blood vessels, which occurred in 87.5% of the biopsies. The mtDNA mutation was present in 32 of 40 patients (80%). We conclude that there are no clinical and pathologic differences between the patients with and without this mtDNA mutation.
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PMID:Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS): a correlative study of the clinical features and mitochondrial DNA mutation. 154 15

Previous studies have shown that behavioral and neurophysiological responses to tastes develop during rat's postnatal life. The present experiments evaluated morphological and metabolic development of neurons in the gustatory zone of the caudal parabrachial nucleus (PBNc) of rat. Histological reconstruction studies were conducted to establish coordinate systems for PBNc gustatory zones in developing rats. Reliability of coordinate systems were evaluated in separate experiments following infusions of horseradish peroxidase in the thalamic taste area. Morphological and Golgi impregnation studies were performed to characterize neuronal and dendritic architecture in PBNc gustatory zones defined by coordinates. Conventional histochemical studies were performed for the mitochondrial respiratory enzymes cytochrome C oxidase (CO; EC 1.9.3.1) succinate dehydrogenase (SDH; EC 1.3.99.1), and NADH-dehydrogenase (NADH-DH; EC 1.6.99.3). Results show that two somatic morphologies can be statistically characterized in PBNc gustatory zones: Multipolar somatic types and fusiform somatic types. Multipolar and fusiform neurons of neonatal and adult rats project axons to the thalamic taste area, and dendrites of these neurons grow extensively between approximately 16 days after birth to approximately 35 days after birth. Activity of CO, SDH, and NADH-DH increases in the PBNc gustatory zones during the period of dendritic growth, and continues to increase slightly to approximately 45 days. These results provide the first demonstration of postnatal morphological and metabolic developmental in a central gustatory relay. Postnatal development of gustatory system therefore appears similar to that reported for other sensory systems, to the extent that morphological and metabolic development accompanies the ontogeny of taste responses.
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PMID:Postnatal development of the parabrachial gustatory zone in rat: dendritic morphology and mitochondrial enzyme activity. 246 23


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