Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.9.3.1 (cytochrome oxidase)
 8,822 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Paramecium aurelia mitochondrial (mt) DNA fragments carrying the coding regions for two proteins, P1 (in the region adjacent to the origin of replication) and COII (subunit II of cytochrome oxidase), were used to study mt gene expression. The sequence for the portion of mtDNA containing P1 has already been described [Pritchard et al., Gene 44 (1986) 243-253]. The complete nucleotide sequence of the portion containing the COII gene is presented here. An 18.5-kDa protein was produced in maxicells when a fragment containing a major portion of the sequence coding for P1 was used. This fragment and a fragment carrying the COII gene were cloned into the expression vector pTRPLE', and antibodies were raised against the resulting fusion proteins in an Escherichia coli lysate. Western blots of Paramecium mt extracts identified two proteins, one 21 kDa (COII) and the other 23.5 kDa (P1). The size of the P1 protein is in agreement with the size of the open reading frame in that region of mitochondrial DNA. Based on extensive amino acid homology to the Paramecium gene and limited homology to COII genes from other organisms, the COII gene in another ciliate, Tetrahymena pyriformis, was identified just upstream of the small subunit rDNA in previously published sequences (Schnare et al., 1986). The size of the COII gene and the homology with the COII gene from Tetrahymena suggest that ATC, ATT, GTG and GTC could be used as translational initiators in Paramecium mitochondria.
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PMID:Identification of Paramecium mitochondrial proteins using antibodies raised against fused mitochondrial gene products. 303 45

Phylogenetic relationships of Acridoidea were examined using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit sequences (COI, COII and COIII, total 2970bp). Fourteen grasshopper species of thirteen genera from seven families were sequenced to obtain mitochondrial genes data, along with twenty-two grasshopper species were obtained from the GenBank nucleotide database. The purpose of this study is to infer the phylogenetic relationships among families within Acridoidea and testing the monophyly of Acridoidea and each families of it. Phylogenic trees were reconstructed using Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Maximum Parsimony (MP) methods with Tettigonioidea and Gryllotalpoidea as outgroups. The putative initiation codon for COI is CCG in thirteen studied species and ATC in Bryodema luctuosum luctuosum. The 2970 bp concatenated sequences included 1431 conserved sites, 1539 variable sites, and 1216 parsimony-informative sites, the nucleotide compositions were significantly biased toward A and T (68.8%). The resulted phylogenetic trees supported the monophyly of Acridoidea, but did not entirely agree with the traditional morphology-based taxonomic system of grasshoppers within Acridoidea. The monophyly of three families of Acrididae, Catantopidae and Arcypteridae were not supported; Gomphoceridae and Arcypteridae were recovered together as a monophyletic group because of closer phylogenetic relationships; Pyrgomorphidae and Chrotogonidae have the same closer relationships; Pneumoridae, Pyrgomorphidae and Chrotogonidae were the most basal groups; while the taxonomic status of Pamphagidae, which was revealed as a monophyletic group, was not clear in this analysis. Moreover, the results indicate that a phylogeny inferred from the combination of several genes is more reliable than that from only a single gene sequence, and the third codon positions of protein coding genes can improve the topology and node supports of the phylogenetic trees.
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PMID:Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Acridoidea (Orthoptera: Caelifera) based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit sequences. 2662 48