Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Pivot Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Query: EC:1.9.3.1 (
cytochrome oxidase
)
8,822
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
We have previously reported the occurrence of multiple forms of drug-metabolizing enzymes in camel tissues. Here, we investigate glutathione (GSH)-dependent redox homeostasis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial respiratory functions in camel tissues and compare them with imported domestic goats and laboratory rats and mice. Cytochrome P450 2E1 (
CYP
2E1) and GSH-metabolizing enzymes were differentially expressed in the liver and kidney of these animals. Camel liver has significantly lower GSH pool than that in goats, rats and mice. Mitochondria isolated from the tissues of these animals showed a comparable ability to metabolize specific substrates for respiratory enzyme complexes I, II/III and IV. These complexes were metabolically more active in the kidney than in the liver of all the species. Furthermore, the activity of
complex IV
in camel tissues was significantly lower than in other species. On the other hand, complex II/III activity in camel kidney was higher compared to the other species. In addition, as expected, we observed that inhibitors of these enzyme complexes augment the production of mitochondrial ROS in camel and goat tissues. These results help to better understand the metabolic ability and adaptation in desert camels in comparison with domestic goats and laboratory rats and mice since they are exposed to different environmental and dietary conditions. Our study may also have implications in the pharmacology and toxicology of drugs and pollutants in these species.
...
PMID:Redox homeostasis and respiratory metabolism in camels (Camelus dromedaries): comparisons with domestic goats and laboratory rats and mice. 2053 92
Red flour beetle (
Tribolium castaneum
) is one of the most destructive pests of stored cereals worldwide. The essential oil (EO) of
Artemisia vulgaris
(mugwort) is known to be a strong toxicant that inhibits the growth, development, and reproduction of
T. castaneum
. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the toxic effects of
A. vulgaris
EO on
T. castaneum
remain unclear. Here, two detoxifying enzymes, carboxylesterase (CarEs) and
cytochrome oxidase
P450 (CYPs), were dramatically increased in red flour beetle larvae when they were exposed to
A. vulgaris
EO. Further, 758 genes were differentially expressed between EO treated and control samples. Based on Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, numerous differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched for terms related to the regulation of biological processes, response to stimulus, and antigen processing and presentation. Our results indicated that
A. vulgaris
EO disturbed the antioxidant activity in larvae and partially inhibited serine protease (SP), cathepsin (CAT), and lipase signaling pathways, thus disrupting larval development and reproduction as well as down-regulating the stress response. Moreover, these DEGs showed that
A. vulgaris
indirectly affected the development and reproduction of beetles by inducing the expression of genes encoding copper-zinc-superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), heme peroxidase (HPX), antioxidant enzymes, and transcription factors. Moreover, the majority of DEGs were mapped to the drug metabolism pathway in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. Notably, the following genes were detected: 6
odorant binding proteins
(
OBPs
), 5
chemosensory proteins
(
CSPs
), 14
CYPs
, 3
esterases
(
ESTs
), 5
glutathione S-transferases
(
GSTs
), 6
UDP-glucuronosyltransferases
(
UGTs
), and 2
multidrug resistance proteins
(
MRPs
), of which 8
CYPs
, 2
ESTs
, 2
GSTs
, and 3
UGTs
were up-regulated dramatically after exposure to
A. vulgaris
EO. The residual DEGs were significantly down-regulated in EO exposed larvae, implying that partial compensation of metabolism detoxification existed in treated beetles. Furthermore,
A. vulgaris
EO induced overexpression of
OBP
/
CYP
, and RNAi against these genes significantly increased mortality of larvae exposed to EO, providing further evidence for the involvement of
OBP
/
CYP
in EO metabolic detoxification in
T. castaneum
. Our results provide an overview of the transcriptomic changes in
T. castaneum
in response to
A. vulgaris
EO.
...
PMID:Insecticidal Activity of
Artemisia vulgaris
Essential Oil and Transcriptome Analysis of
Tribolium castaneum
in Response to Oil Exposure. 3267 Mar 52
