Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.9.3.1 (cytochrome oxidase)
 8,822 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Biting midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are insect vectors of economically important veterinary diseases such as African horse sickness, bluetongue, and Schmallenberg virus. The identification of Culicoides based on morphological features can be difficult. Three species of biting midges, Culicoides nubeculosus, C. stigma, and C. parroti have emerged in the laboratory from mud collected around watering troughs on a farm in northern France. Emerging Culicoides were characterized morphologically and molecularly using molecular markers. The closely related species C. stigma and C.parroti showed highly divergent sequences for both mitochondrial (cytochrome B and cytochrome oxidase I) and ribosomal DNA first internal transcribed spacer. A RFLP based on a single restriction using the same enzyme (HaeIII) for both cytochrome C oxidase I and cytochrome B is proposed to identify these species.
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PMID:Characterization of two cryptic species, Culicoides stigma and C.parroti (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), based on barcode regions and morphology. 2458 54

Identification of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) biting midges to species has become important due to their potential role in the transmission of arboviruses such as bluetongue virus, bovine ephemeral fever virus, Akabane virus, African horse sickness virus, epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus and Schmallenberg virus. In several studies, molecular tools, used for the identification of biting midges, revealed the presence of cryptic and undescribed species especially within Pulicaris complex. The presence of cryptic species within species complexes raise questions about their role in viral disease transmission as there are apparent differences in the vectorial capacity between closely related species. In this study, we analyzed the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene sequences of species within the Pulicaris complex present in Turkey and determined their phylogenetic relationships. Twenty-one haplotypes within the already described species C. pulicaris P1, C. lupicaris, C. lupicaris L2, C. newsteadi, C. newsteadi N1, C. punctatus, C. fagineus F2 and C. flavipulicaris were determined from the study areas. The molecular analysis revealed further two haplotypes belonging to new non-described cryptic species named as C. lupicaris L3 and Culicoides WBS corresponding to C. lupicaris and Fagineus complex which diverged by 17.9% to 25.7% and 18.7% to 31.8%, respectively from other species in the subgenus Culicoides. Genetic divergence within species was <2.0% and phylogenetic analyses of the COI dataset revealed 22 different monophyletic separate clades within two major cluster. The results of this study emphasize the applicability of COI sequences as a diagnostic marker for differentiating Culicoides species and revealing cryptic species.
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PMID:Genetic diversity of Culicoides species within the Pulicaris complex (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Turkey inferred from mitochondrial COI gene sequences. 3055 94