Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.8.1.4 (diaphorase)
 2,754 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Like the malate dehydrogenases of eucaryotic cells, the Propionibacterium shermanii enzyme is a dimer consisting of two 35,000 molecular weight subunits. 2. In electrophoretic behavior, resistance to substrate inhibition and stability to heating and dilution the P. shermanii MDH is more similar to the s-MDH than to the m-MDH of pig heart. 3. The P. shermanii MDH has a high turnover number (ca. 140,000) as well as Km values for both L-malate and oxalacetate which are four times higher than the mammalian isoenzymes. 4. A coupled assay for MDH using the malate-lactate transhydrogenase and diaphorase is described in which both substrates, L-malate and NAD, are regenerated.
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PMID:A comparison of the malate dehydrogenase of the propionic acid bacteria with the mammalian soluble and mitochondrial isoenzymes. 31 44

With the histochemical methods were investigated the dynamic of activity of the succino-dehydrogenase, the NAD- und NADP-depended diaphorase in the rabbit liver after a one time immunisation with botulinus anatoxin typ B. The animals were killed in different steps after the immunity. Their was observed significant variety of the activity of investigated enzymes. This was discussed in connexion with the catabolic processes of the antigen and the stimulation of the synthesis unspecific proteins in the parenchymatous cells.
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PMID:[Histochemical studies of the dynamic of activity of some mitochondrial enzymes in the rabbit liver during the process of the primary immune answer (author's transl)]. 41 82

The usual techniques for determination to total 3 alpha-hydroxy bile acids in serum involving liquid-solid extraction of the bile acids with the adsorbent XAD-2 and fluorimetric measurement of NADH generated from the reaction with a NAD-linked 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase are evaluated and improved. The influence of different types of enzyme preparations on the results is examined. The results with the improved technique are compared to the results obtained with another method, avoiding extraction of the bile acids before the enzymatic reaction which is followed by fluorimetric measurement of resorufin, produced by transfer of the hydrogen of the generated NADH by diaphorase to resazurin. No significant difference between the results with the two types of methods was found. The concentration of total 3 alpha-hydroxy bile acids in serum of 46 fasting 'healthy' individuals aged 17 to 82 years is estimated. 30 were females, of whom 10 were taking estrogen-containing oral contraceptives, and 16 were males. Mean +/- standard deviation in all the females was 3.0 +/- 1.1 micromol/l, and in the males 4.0 +/- 1.9 micromol/l. There was no significant difference between any of the groups.
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PMID:Determination of total 3 alpha-hydroxy bile acids in serum. 43 89

A morphological and histochemical study has been made of the primordial and early growing oocytes in the ovaries of crow (Corvus splendens) and common myna (Acridotheres tristis). The primordial oocytes in the myna ovary are loosely arranged in groups or nests, whereas in crow they form compact nests surrounded by highly vascularized connective tissue bands or lie in layers beneath the surface epithelium. The primordial oocytes in both the species are surrounded by flat granulosa cells whose number, shape, and cytochemical properties change with the initiation of growth. The oocyte nucleus shows a single basophilic nucleolus and thick diplotene chromosomes. With the initiation of growth, the number of nucleoli increases; simultaneously the chromosomes attain lampbrush configuration. Crescent-shaped Balbiani's vitelline body consists of ribonucleoproteins, lipoproteins, and phospholipids. The amount of these substances increases with the oocyte growth. The nature of proteins and lipids in the ooplasm and follicular epithelium also changes with the oocyte growth. Some randomly distributed protein bodies are also present in the ooplasm of primordial follicles. They disappear with the initiation of oocyte growth. The enzyme activities of acid phosphatase, NADP-diaphorase and NAD-diaphorase, also increase in the Balbiani's vitelline body with the oocyte growth. Alkaline phosphatase and delta 5-3 beta-HSDH activities are not seen. The possible functional significance of these morphological and histochemical changes has been discussed in relation to the initiation of growth in quiescent oocytes.
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PMID:Morphological and histochemical observations on the primordial and early growing oocytes of crow (Corvus splendens) and myna (Acridotheres tristis). 47 89

Spinal ganlia of a 9-day chick embryo were cultivated by the method of "floating rafts" in common medium (control) and in the medium containing amizyl (100 microgram/ml) or a neuregrowth factor (50 microgram/ml). With the action of amizyl there proved to be an increase in the number of surviving neurons; the majority of these neurons contained monoaminoxidase; there was a rise of NAD-diaphorase activity, and, to a lesser extent, of lactic dehydrogenase and isocitric dehydrogenase activities. The neurogrowth factor caused an increase in the number of nerve cells with acetylcholinesterase; there was an elevation of NAD-diaphorase and some rise of malic dehydrogenase activities; the activity of lactic dehydrogenase became maximal; as to succinic dehydrogenase--its activity was somewhat suppressed.
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PMID:[Effect of nerve growth factor and amizil on the viability and metabolism of cultured spinal ganglia]. 56 23

The study of some NAD(P)H dehydrogenating enzymes in one slow- and one fast-growing transplantable hepatoma has shown that the activity of the soluble enzyme D-T diaphorase is increased several-fold when compared with the activity of the control livers. The increase in enzyme activity is similar in both hepatomas, regardless of the rate of growth of the tumors. The activity of the glycerolphosphate, malic and lactic dehydrogenases are decreased in both tumors. The possible functional significance of these changes is discussed in the text.
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PMID:The activity of the D-T diaphorase in experimental hepatomas. 61 21

After having described in detail the pathophysiology, symptomatology, X-chromosomal inheritance and some laboratory methods in detecting G-6-PD-deficiency by demonstrating a case of favism (Schulz et al. 1977), the authors now discuss the particularities of the enzyme deficiency in the newborn. These are complicated by additional physiological and transient deficiency of the enzymes catalase, NAD-diaphorase, glutathione peroxidase, and glucuronyl transferase. Several chemical substances, acidosis, hypoxia, hypoglycemia, and immaturity may cause a severe hyperbilirubinemia in G-6-PD-deficient newborns. The development of a kern-icterus in these cases may be prevented by early exchange transfusion. From clinical findings and some observations in different regions of Greece an additional factor influencing the liver function has been postulated which favors the development of hyperbilirubinemias in G-6-PD-deficient newborns. The nature of this possible factor is discussed. The authors emphasize the necessity of screening for G-6-PD-deficiency during pregnancy in families of mediterranian descent.
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PMID:[Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency of the mediterranean type B minus. 2. Etiological basis for severe hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn]. 63 93

A method is described for preparation of apolipoamide dehydrogenase which gives quantitative removal of FAD. Active holoenzyme can be reconstituted by incubation with FAD. Reconstitution of apoenzyme with 8-Cl-FAD results in the fixation of most of the flavin to the protein in a covalently bound form. The portion noncovalently bound was shown to be unmodified 8-Cl-FAD. The covalently bound flavin has an absorption spectrum quite different from that of 8-Cl-FAD. It has a single band in the visible with a maximum at 459 nm (extinction coefficient of 22 mM-1 cm-1) and a shoulder at 480 nm. Model reactions between 8-Cl-Flavin (riboflavin or FAD) and organic thiols (thiophenol, beta-mercaptoethanol, or N-acetylcysteine) give products with spectra which are similar to that of FAD covalently bound to lipoamide dehydrogenase. The products of the model reactions have a single visible band with a maximum at 480 nm (extinction coefficient of 23.6 mM-1 cm-1 to 28.4 mM-1 cm-1) and a shoulder at 460 nm. The products of the model reaction and the covalently bound FAD of lipoamide dehydrogenase appear to be the result of a nucleophilic attack on the carbon at position 8 of the flavin ring by a thiolate anion, displacing the chloride. Thus, the product of the model reaction is 8-(RS)-flavin, and the product of the reaction between 8-Cl-FAD and protein probably has a cysteinyl residue covalently attacked at position 8 of FAD. Reconstitution of apoliopoamide dehydrogenase with 8-Cl-FAD gives two enzyme products which are fractionated by ammonium sulfate. Enzyme fractionating between 20% and 45% ammonium sulfate is monomeric and contains covanently bound FAD. Enzyme fractionating between 55% and 75% ammonium sulfate is dimeric and contains both covalently bound FAD and noncovalently bound 8-Cl-FAD. Both protein fractions contain one FAD per protein subunit and both are active with physiological substrates with Km values for NAD and dihydrolipoamide similar to those of native lipoamide dehydrogenase. The maximum turnover rates differ dramatically. Enzyme fractionating between 55% and 75% ammonium sulfate has a Vmax which is 61 times slower than native enzyme. Enzyme fractionating between 20% and 45% ammonium sulfate has a Vmax which is 7400 times slower than native enzyme. These slower rates are partially explainable by the oxidation-reduction potentials of the modified enzymes. Both covalently bound FAD and noncovalently bound FAD appear to reside in the native flavin binding site of the enzyme. However, once dimerization of the protien has taken place, the noncovalently bound 8-Cl-FAD cannot be induced to form a covalent bond with the protein except under protein denaturing conditions. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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PMID:Production of a covalent flavin linkage in lipoamide dehydrogenase. Reaction with 8-Cl-FAD. 68 58

In the cells of RH, SPEV and HEp-2 lines irradiated with 6.5 mm radiowaves of 1 mW/cm2 flux density the following phenomena were established: activation of succinate dehydrogenase and ATPase; reduction of cytochrome oxidase, NAD- and NADP-diaphorase, acid and alkaline phosphatase activities; repression of 3H-thymidine incorporation in DNA and of 3H-uridine incorporation in RNA; violation of ultrastructure; suppression of cellular proliferation; decrease of mitotic activity; occurrence of pathological forms of mitosis.
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PMID:[Biological oxidation in cells exposed to microwaves in the millimeter range]. 68 31

The rabbits being repeatedly poisoned with small doses of sodium cyanide, the activity of succinic dehydrogenase in the tissues does not essentially change. The activity of NAD.H2-cytochrome-c-reductase and NAD.H2-diaphorase in the brain, myocardium and kidneys increases. Under histotoxic hypoxia the level of iron in the tissues increases by 52-93%, that of copper--by 28-36%, of zinc--by 21-74% and of cobalt by 28-40%. There existed a positive correlation between the content of iron and the activity of NAD-dependent enzymes. In nonlethal form of histotoxic hypoxia the content of nonhemin iron and the activity of NAD.H2-cytochrome-c-reductase in the mitochondria of the brain increases by 25% and 17%, respectively, and a direct correlation is revealed between them.
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PMID:[Iron, copper, zinc and cobalt content and activity of respiratory metalloenzymes in animal tissues under toxic hypoxia]. 68 69


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