Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.8.1.4 (diaphorase)
 2,754 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

NAD synthetase is responsible for the conversion of nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. This reaction provides a biosynthetic route of the coenzyme and, thus, a source of cellular reducing equivalents. Alterations in the oxidative reductive potential of the cell have been implicated as a contributing factor in many disease states. Thus, this enzyme represents a new class of potential drug targets, and, hence, our efforts were focused upon developing a robust assay for utilization in a high throughput screen. Toward that end, we describe a coupled enzyme assay format for the measurement of recombinant human NAD synthetase by employing lactate dehydrogenase in a cycling/amplification reaction linked ultimately to the fluorescence generation of resorufin from resazurin via diaphorase. We present kinetics of the reaction of NAD synthetase in the coupled assay format, optimization conditions, and inhibition of the reaction by gossypol [1,1',6,6',7,7'-hexahydroxy-3,3'-dimethyl-5,5'-bis(1-methylethyl)-[2,2'- binaphthalene]-8,8'-dicarboxaldehyde] and illustrate the robustness of the assay by demonstrating 384-well microtiter plate uniformity statistics. Collectively, our results show that the assay method is both robust and well suited for this class of enzymes involved in the NAD+ biosynthetic pathway.
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PMID:A fluorescence-based coupling reaction for monitoring the activity of recombinant human NAD synthetase. 1630 10

Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) has been shown to mobilize Ca(2+) from intracellular stores in a wide variety of organisms, ranging from plants to humans. We have developed a novel enzyme cycling assay for NAADP that involves coupled reactions catalyzed by four enzymes. In this system, NAADP is first converted into nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (NAAD) by alkaline phosphatase, after which the NAAD is converted to NAD, AMP, and PPi by NAD synthetase (NADS) in the presence of ATP and ammonia. The NAD is then amplified using an enzyme cycling system driven by glucose dehydrogenase and diaphorase. The resultant formation of formazan dye is measured spectrophotometrically based on the increase in absorbance at 450 nm. Using this method, NAADP (20-400 nM) was assayed, and a highly linear correlation was obtained between the NAADP concentration and the increase in absorbance at 450 nm. The cycling rate was approximately 95 cycles/min. In addition, the within-run coefficients of variation (CVs) for 25, 50, and 100 nM NAADP solutions were 9.33, 4.86, and 3.13%, respectively. Interference by NAD analogs (e.g., NAAD, NADP) in the sample was eliminated prior to running the assay by treating the sample with NADS and NAD nucleosidase (NADase). In sum, our findings indicate this enzyme cycling assay to be readily applicable for determination for NAADP in a variety of biological samples and to be particularly appropriate for use with an autoanalyzer.
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PMID:An enzymatic cycling assay for nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate using NAD synthetase. 1739 43