Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.8.1.4 (diaphorase)
 2,754 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In rats given 15% solution of ethyl alcohol (v/v) instead of drinking water adlibitum for eight months, histochemical analysis showed a dictinct fall in activities of the oxidative enzymes (succinate and lactate dehydrogenases, DPNH-diaphorase) in the centro-acinar cells of the pancreas and in the islets of Langerhans.
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PMID:Chronic alcoholism and the pancreas. 103 49

The levels of acetylcholine and choline were measured in various brain regions of the rat after fixation by microwave irradiation of the head and after decapitation and subsequent freezing in liquid nitrogen. Levels of acetylcholine were increased by approximately 50% after microwave irradiation, while choline levels were reduced. These biochemical findings were correlated with virtually complex loss of acetylcholinesterase and NADH-diaphorase activity after 1 s exposure to microwave irradiation at a level of 5 kW.
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PMID:Fast fixation of brain in situ by high intensity microwave irradiation: application to neurochemical studies. 104 75

1. Lipoyl dehydrogenase (NADH: lipoamide oxidoreductase, ED 1.6.4.3) and two asparagusate dehydrogenases from asparagus mitochondria were purified by a series of steps, freezing and thawing, sodium dodecylsulfate extraction, and chromatography on Sephadex G-200 and DEAE-cellulose. 2. Lipoyl dehydrogenase was highly specific for alpha-lipoic acid, which could not be replaced at all by asparagusic acid. Each of the asparagusate dehydrogenases was capable of reducing both asparagusic and alpha-lipoic acids by using NADH as hydrogen donor. 3. Reduction of alpha-lipoic cid with NADH by lipoyl dehydrogenase was activated by NAD, but that of asparagusic acid by asparagusate dehydrogenase was inactivated by NAD. 4. Lipoyl dehydrogenase and two asparagusate dehydrogenases differed in electrophoretic mobility on polyacrylamide gels.
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PMID:Asparagusate dehydrogenases and lipoyl dehydrogenase from asparagus mitochondria. 112 55

The activity of succinatedehydrogenase, mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphatedehydrogenase and NADH2-diaphorase was studied cytochemically and histochemically in the myocardium and lymphocytes of rats and mice after the effect of hypoxia in a hyperbaric chamber. A short-duration effect of hypoxia and step-wise adaptation during a month was shown to result in a growing activity of the enzymes both in the lymphocytes and in the myocardium. Hypoxia during a month and readaptation during the same period caused a monotonous decrease of the activity of dehydrogenases. The conducted analysis permitted to reveal a distinct correlation between the activity of dehydrogenases in the lymphocytes and in the myocardium. The authors emphasize the similarity of the changes in the activity of the enzymes in the lymphocytes and in the myocardium.
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PMID:[Activity of the dehydrogenases of the myocardium and lymphocytes in experimental hypoxia]. 115 23

Infusion of 1 mul arachis oil containing 1.5 mug bis-(1 -methylethyl)phosphorofluoridate (di-isopropylfluorophosphate: DFP) into the caudate--putamen nucleus and substantia nigra of rats produced a considerable reduction of histochemical staining for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in these two brain regions 30--120 min after injection. Thereafter, regeneration of AChE occurred within the zone of DFP effect. These new stores of AChE were associated with discrete neuronal perikarya and their processes. Intracerebral DFP administration had little or no histochemically detectable effect on NADH-diaphorase. Thionin staining was similarly unaffected. The results with punctate intracerebral application of DFP were replicated by intramuscular injection of 1.5 mg/kg DFP. Although the significance of dopaminergic--cholinergic interactions in the neostriatum could not be elucidated on the basis of these histochemical data, the thesis was advanced that dopamine neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra also contained AChE, possibly to inactivate acetylcholine released from cholinergic fibers afferent to this neural structure.
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PMID:Acetylcholinesterase-containing neurons in the neostriatum and substantia nigra revealed after punctate intracerebral injection of di-isopropylfluorophosphate. 123 57

Triamcinoline acetonide (10 mg per kg of body weight a day) was administered to rabbit fed on a laboratory chow diet. The content of flavins in liver but not in kidney, muscle and brain started to decrease 24 h after a single dose. The activities of enzymes in the liver were determined: the activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, lipoamide dehydrogenase (NADH:lipoamide oxidoreductase EC 1.6.4.3), NADH dehydrogenase (NADH : (acceptor) oxidoreductase EC 1.6.99.3) and D-amino acid oxidase (D-amino acid: oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) EC 1.4.3.3) were decreased but those of succinate dehydrogenase (succinate : (acceptor) oxidoreductase EC 1.3.99.1) and xanthine oxidase (xanthine : oxygen oxidoreductase EC 1.2.3.2) remained unchanged. The activities of enzymes in the kidney, however, remained unchanged except the decrease in the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
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PMID:Effect of triamcinolone administration on content of flavins in rabbit liver. 127 76

The postnatal development of acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) and NADH-diaphorase was examined in the caudate-putamen nucleus and substantia nigra of rats ranging from 3 to 90 days in age. From 3 to 15 days post partum islands of AChE and NADH-diaphorase activity were observed in the caudate-putamen nucleus. Individual neuronal somata could also be seen in AChE-stained sections up to 15 days. At later ages neuropil staining became increasingly dense, and this presumably accounted for the infrequent visualization of cell bodies in the brains of older animals. During development AChE appeared in the caudate-putamen nucleus in a lateral to medial topographic order; analogously, enzyme staining in the neostriatum reappeared in the same lateral to medial topographic order in adult rats following irreversible AChE inhibition by intramuscularly injected bis-(1-methylethyl)phosphorofluoridate (di-isopropylfluorophosphate: DFP). Furthermore, DFP treatment in mature animals revealed the presence of AChE in striatal neurons having morphologies similar to those observed in newborn rats. A similar time-course of postnatal AChE development was observed in the substantia nigra. In both the pars compacta and pars reticulata individual cell bodies, which were visible at early ages (3-10 days), became increasingly obscured at later times after birth by extra-somata staining. Between the 6th and 15th postnatal days AChE-containing fibers were seen projecting apparently from pars compacta into pars reticulata. Comparison of the present results with histochemical data of other investigators on the postnatal development of monoamines indicated the likelihood of cholinergicmonoaminergic interactions in the neostriatum and substantia nigra.
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PMID:Postnatal development of acetylcholinesterase in the caudate-putamen nucleus and substantia nigra of rats. 127 70

Characteristics of DT diaphorase (NAD(P)H: (quinone acceptor) oxidoreductase, DTD) activity in Ictalurus punctatus and the effect of DTD activity on menadione (MND)-mediated reduction of acetylated cytochrome c (AcC) were examined. DTD activity in cytosols of four organs followed a distinct gradient in the order stomach greater than gill greater than liver greater than posterior kidney. A similar gradient was observed in organ-specific rates of in vitro AcC reduction in the presence of either NADH or NADPH as reducing equivalent. A greater proportion of the AcC reduction rate was sensitive to inhibition by dicoumarol (DC) in organs with relatively high DTD specific activity (e.g., stomach) than in organs with low DTD activity (e.g., kidney). No such trend was observed in the superoxide dismutase (SOD)-sensitive proportion of AcC reduction rates. DTD was observed to contribute to MND-mediated superoxide production to a greater extent in organs with high DTD activity than in organs with low DTD activity. DC-sensitive (i.e., DTD-mediated) AcC reduction was observed to increase with organ-specific DTD activity, and the majority of the AcC reduction rate was inhibitable by SOD. These findings demonstrate a direct contribution by DTD activity to MND-mediated superoxide production in this in vitro system. The role of I. punctatus DTD as a possible deleterious agent in quinone metabolism and implications regarding the traditional conception of DTD as a detoxifying enzyme are discussed.
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PMID:DT diaphorase [NAD(P)H: (quinone acceptor) oxidoreductase] facilitates redox cycling of menadione in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) cytosol. 131 45

By Coxsackie virus type B3 subconjunctival administration it has been noticed the appearance of a antiviral defense mechanism, revealed by the presence in conjunctival chorion of lymphocytes, plasmocytes and active macrophages. It had also been studied by histochemical methods the responsive way at conjunctival level of NADH2-cytocrom-C-reductase (diaphorase) in experimentally obtained viral aggression. The injected virus has determined the stimulation of the activity of this enzyme at epithelial level, which play an important role in mucous conjunctival protection. The lymphocytes appearing in a great number presented an intense enzymatic reaction in chorion, which denotes a living synthetic and secretory metabolical activity.
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PMID:[Diaphorase activity at the conjunctival level in an experimentally produced viral infection]. 132 35

Endogenous cytochrome oxidase activity was investigated in the adult rat striatum at the light microscope level to see if it was distributed in accordance with the established striatal patch/matrix compartmentalisation. Striatal sections stained to visualise cytochrome oxidase activity were compared with serial sections stained to visualise tyrosine hydroxylase and calbindinD28k-like immunoreactivity, established markers of the matrix compartment. The distribution of endogenous cytochrome oxidase activity was found to coincide with the immunocytochemical staining pattern seen for tyrosine hydroxylase and calbindinD28k whereby areas of intense tyrosine hydroxylase and calbindinD28k-like immunoreactivity (termed the matrix) corresponded to areas of intense cytochrome oxidase activity. Conversely, areas of less intense tyrosine hydroxylase and calbindinD28k-like immunoreactivity (termed patches) corresponded to areas of low cytochrome oxidase activity. In addition, the distribution of two other oxidative enzymes involved in the regulation of mitochondrial respiration, succinic dehydrogenase and NADH-diaphorase, was examined in the striatum and substantia nigra by using histochemical techniques. Both NADH-diaphorase and succinic dehydrogenase histochemistry showed an uneven pattern of neuropil staining in the striatum. In the substantia nigra a few intensely stained cell bodies were seen in the dorsal-lateral tip of the pars reticulata with both histochemical techniques. By using an anti-cytochrome oxidase antibody an abundance of immunoreactive cell bodies and processes were seen in the substantia nigra, particularly in the dorso-medial rim and dorsal tip of the pars reticulata. The substantia nigra pars lateralis contained many intensely stained cytochrome oxidase-like immunoreactive cell bodies and processes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Compartmental distribution of cytochrome oxidase in the striatum of the rat. 134 42


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