Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.8.1.4 (diaphorase)
 2,754 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A significant increase in the striatal specific activity of DT diaphorase is demonstrable from one to six weeks after intrastriatal injection of kainic acid (KA). At six weeks, there is a significant dose-response relation (ANOVA, F(2,18) = 25.8, p less than 0.001); 1, 3 and 5 nmoles produce 12.3, 39.6 and 118% increases, respectively. Loss of acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE), used as an indicator of neuronal damage, is positively correlated with the enhanced DT diaphorase activity (r = 0.823, p less than 0.01).
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PMID:Kainic acid induced damage to the striatum increases DT diaphorase activity. 311 25

Transplantation of the small intestine is a neural model that could include extrinsic denervation, loss of intrinsic enteric neurons, or loss of intrinsic neural pathways. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) diaphorase activity was measured in normal rat ileum, ileum 3 months after resection of the jejunum, and ileum 3 months after isotransplantation of the ileum. The distribution of NADPH diaphorase activity and immunoreactive neuronal nitric oxide synthase were examined. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase activity was increased in transplanted ileum (16.5+/-3.5 mU/mg protein) compared to normal controls (6.6+/-0.7) and resection controls (6.8+/-0.6) (P < 0.05, ANOVA). Histologically, NADPH diaphorase activity and immunoreactive nitric oxide synthase appeared increased within nerve cell bodies following transplantation. These findings may represent an adaptive response of the enteric nervous system to extrinsic denervation. Loss of intrinsic neural pathways was not supported as a mechanism.
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PMID:Nitric oxide synthase is increased following small intestinal transplantation in the rat. 1035 36

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) staining can be used in the enteric nervous system to determine nitrergic neuronal counts, critical in motility disorders such as intestinal neuronal dysplasia and hypoganglionosis. The reported incubation periods of specimens with NADPH-d staining solution has varied from 2 to 24 h. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of the incubation period on the overall NADPH-d positive cell counts in porcine rectal submucosal plexus. The submucosal plexus of rectal specimens from 12-week-old pigs (n = 5) were studied. Conventional frozen sections were used to identify nitrergic neurons while whole-mount preparations were used to quantify the effect of prolonged duration of incubation on positively identified ganglion cells with NADPH-d histochemistry. The same submucosal ganglia on the conventional sections, and a minimum of 12 ganglia per whole-mount preparation specimen were photographed sequentially at 2, 6, and 24 h and used to count the number of nitrergic cells per ganglion. The same staining solution was used throughout the experiment. Results were analysed using a one-way ANOVA test. Prolonged incubation with the staining solution revealed new NADPH-d positive cells in the ganglia on the conventional sections. The total number of neurons counted in the 12 adjacent ganglia in the whole-mount specimens was 180 +/- 55, the mean neuronal cell per ganglion was 15 +/- 8 after 2 h of incubation. This increased to 357 +/- 17, and to 29 +/- 12 after 6 h (p < 0.05). A further increase was observed of 515 +/- 19 and 43 +/- 17 after 24 h (p < 0.05). When the photomicrographs were retrospectively analysed, not even the outline of the neuronal cells that stained with prolonged incubation was evident at the earlier time points. NADPH-d positive cell counts increase in proportion to the duration of incubation in NADPH-d histochemistry. Comparative studies attempting to quantify nitrergic cell counts in dysmotility disorders must take into account the variability in NADPH-d positive cell count associated with prolonged incubation in NADPH-d histochemistry.
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PMID:Correlation of enteric NADPH-d positive cell counts with the duration of incubation period in NADPH-d histochemistry. 1861 96