Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.8.1.4 (diaphorase)
 2,754 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Muscle fiber composition and oxidative and glycolytic enzymatic activity have been studied with complete traumatic transection of the spinal cord and spastic paralysis of the lower extremities. Muscle sample were taken by means of needle biopsy from the vastus lateralis, gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles. Biopsies were also taken for comparison from the deltoid muscle. Fibers staining darkly for alkaline stable myofibrillar ATP-ase (type II) dominated or were the only fibers identified in the paralysed muscles. The deltoid muscles of the same patients had a rather even mixture of type I and II fibers. Staining pattern was reversed after acid preincubation (pH 4.3). Mean diameters in the paralysed muscles were reduced for both fiber types. All fibers stained relatively weakly for NADH-diaphorase. Succinyldehydrogenase activity was low and phosphofructokinase activity usually moderately reduced. The findings imply that neuronal influence on the muscular fibers had led to a change in the staining characteristics of the muscle fibers. Such a change migh indicate altered contractile characteristics, though the detailed nature of the observed findings in still unclear.
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PMID:Muscle fiber composition in patients with traumatic cord lesion. 13

Fourteen male rabbits born at elevation 4000 ft (first experimental series) were transferred at age of 2 months to elevation 12470 ft and raised there for 18 weeks. Half of the animals remained on a commercial rabbit chow (group H) while the other half was on the same diet supplemented with cholesterol (group C). Eight male rabbits raised at sea level served as controls (group S). Intima-media homogenates from the thoracic aortas were assayed for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), lipoamide dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase (PK), phosphofructokinase (PFK) and the lysosomal hydrolases beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAGA). Aortic lactate and glucose were also measured. Thirty-two male rabbits (second experimental series) were subdivided into 4 groups. Rabbits were fed a cholesterol-supplemented diet not only at high altitude (8 rabbits matching group C) but also 8 animals raised at sea level. The degree of atherosclerosis in the aortas of these 4 groups was assessed by measuring the aortic cholesterol contents. Plasma cholesterol was also determined. In the aortas of the rabbits of group H the activity of PK was significantly elevated, and the activity of the lysosomal hydrolases significantly decreased compared with aortas of group S rabbits. There was no difference in the other enzyme activities or in the aortic glucose and lactate content of these groups. Cholesterol feeding of the animals of group C resulted in a significantly increased activity of the lysosomal hydrolases as well as of LDH and PK. The lipid analyses (second experimental series) revealed a trend to a lower concentration of aortic cholesterol in the high altitude than in the sea level animals, both fed a cholesterol diet, in spite of the higher plasma cholesterol concentrations in the high altitude animals. The low aortic lysosomal hydrolase activities in the high altitude rabbits are in accord with their comparatively lower susceptibility to experimental atherosclerosis. This metabolic feature may be due to a lower degree of exposure of these aortas to injurious factors, such as infections or lower blood pressure. The elevated activity of PK without increased lactate content in group H animals seems to parallel the well-known general adaptation of the organism to high altitude hypoxia, and does not indicate a metabolic switch toward anaerobic glycolysis.
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PMID:Aortic enzymes and lactate in high altitude-raised and cholesterol-fed rabbits. 623 25

To determine the effect of a soft diet and aging on the masticatory motor unit, we investigated the morphologic and metabolic properties of the superficial masseter muscle and its motoneurons in rats. Twenty rats were divided into four groups of five rats: rats fed a hard diet until 4 months after birth (hard, young), rats fed a soft diet until 4 months after birth (soft, young), rats fed a hard diet until 22 months after birth (hard, old), and rats fed a soft diet until 22 months after birth (soft, old). The diameter of the fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic muscle fiber was significantly smaller in the soft than the hard, and in the old than the young groups. The glycolytic enzyme (phosphofructokinase) activity of the muscle was significantly weaker in the old than the young group. There was no significant difference in soma diameter of the motoneurons between the soft and hard group, while the diameter was significantly larger in the old than in the young group. There was no significant difference in NADH-diaphorase activity of the motoneurons between the soft and hard group, while significantly less activity was demonstrated in the old than in the young group. The reduction in motor unit activity caused by the soft diet is considered to influence the morphologic and metabolic properties in the superficial masseter muscle but not in its motoneurons. The reduction in the oxidative enzyme activity of motoneurons with aging may occur regardless of the reduction in motor unit activity.
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PMID:Effect of soft diet and aging on rat masseter muscle and its motoneuron. 829 95