Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.7.1.4 (nitrite reductase)
 1,847 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Microarrays fabricated with oligonucleotides longer than 40 bp have been introduced for monitoring whole genome expression but have not been evaluated with environmental samples. To determine the potential of this type of microarray for environmental studies, a 50-mer oligonucleotide microarray was constructed using 763 genes involved in nitrogen cycling: nitrite reductase (nirS and nirK), ammonia monooxygenase (amoA), nitrogenase (nifH), methane monooxygenase (pmoA), and sulfite reductase (dsrAB) from public databases and our own sequence collections. The comparison of the sequences from pure cultures indicated that the developed microarrays could provide species-level resolution for analyzing microorganisms involved in nitrification, denitrification, nitrogen fixation, methane oxidation, and sulfite reduction. Sensitivity tests suggested that the 50-mer oligonucleotide arrays could detect dominant populations in the environments, although sensitivity still needs to be improved. A significant quantitative relationship was also obtained with a mixture of DNAs from eight different bacteria. These results suggest that the 50-mer oligonucleotide array can be used as a specific and quantitative parallel tool for the detection of microbial populations in environmental samples.
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PMID:Evaluation of 50-mer oligonucleotide arrays for detecting microbial populations in environmental samples. 1508 84

The nucleotide sequence from the genome of Moraxella catarrhalis ATCC 43617 was annotated and used both to assess the metabolic capabilities and limitations of this bacterium and to design probes for a DNA microarray. An absence of gene products for utilization of exogenous carbohydrates was noteworthy and could be correlated with published phenotypic data. Gene products necessary for aerobic energy generation were present, as were a few gene products generally ascribed to anaerobic systems. Enzymes for synthesis of all amino acids except proline and arginine were present. M. catarrhalis DNA microarrays containing 70-mer oligonucleotide probes were designed from the genome-derived nucleotide sequence data. Analysis of total RNA extracted from M. catarrhalis ATCC 43617 cells grown under iron-replete and iron-restricted conditions was used to establish the utility of these DNA microarrays. These DNA microarrays were then used to analyze total RNA from M. catarrhalis cells grown in a continuous-flow biofilm system and in the planktonic state. The genes whose expression was most dramatically increased by growth in the biofilm state included those encoding a nitrate reductase, a nitrite reductase, and a nitric oxide reductase. Real-time reverse transcriptase PCR analysis was used to validate these DNA microarray results. These results indicate that growth of M. catarrhalis in a biofilm results in increased expression of gene products which can function not only in energy generation but also in resisting certain elements of the innate immune response.
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PMID:Metabolic analysis of Moraxella catarrhalis and the effect of selected in vitro growth conditions on global gene expression. 1762 Mar 51