Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.7.1.4 (nitrite reductase)
 1,847 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Determinations of iron content and dry-weight measurements on samples of Pseudomonas cytochrome oxidase were coupled with sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoresis studies of both the native protein and covalently cross-linked oligomers in order to estimate the enzyme's molecular weight and spectral absorption coefficients. A value of epsilon(ox.) (410)=282x10(3) litre.mol(-1).cm(-1) was calculated for a dimeric protein molecule having a total molecular weight of 122000 (based on iron analysis). Steady-state kinetic observations of the enzyme-catalysed oxidation of reduced azurin by nitrite indicated a marked increase in enzyme inactivation as the pH was raised from 5.7 to 7.2. Since NO, a product of the nitrite reductase activity of Pseudomonas cytochrome oxidase, is known to bind to the enzyme, a study was undertaken to try to assess the potential of NO as a product inhibitor. Investigations showed that samples of the oxidized protein at pH values 4, 5 and 6 bound NO to both haem c and d(1) components, but oxidized enzyme samples at pH7 and above formed their reduced ligand-bound forms when placed under an atmosphere of the gas. Ascorbate-reduced enzyme samples at pH4, 5, 6 and 7 were also found to bind NO at both haem components, although at pH7 the rate of haem c binding was very slow. At pH8 and 9 only the ferrohaem d(1) bound NO. Titration experiments on the reduced protein over the pH range 5-7, with nitrite as a precursor of NO, showed that the haem d(1) had a much higher affinity than the haem c: experiments at pH5.2 and 5.9 with NO-equilibrated solutions revealed the same pattern of behaviour with the oxidized enzyme.
 ...
PMID:A re-evaluation of some basic structural and functional properties of Pseudomonas cytochrome oxidase. 4 92

Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (ATCC 27774), a strictly anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria, is able to perform anaerobic nitrate respiration in which nitrate is first reduced to nitrite by the action of nitrate reductase, and nitrite reductase then catalyzes the six-electron reduction of nitrite to ammonia. The nitrite reductase was found to be a membrane-bound enzyme and has been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. The purified enzyme has a minimal Mr = 66,000 as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and contains 6 c-type heme groups/molecule. Pure nitrite reductase exhibits a typical c-type cytochrome absorption spectrum with reduced alpha-band at 552.5 nm. NADH and NADPH do not function as direct electron donors for the nitrite reductase. Desulfovibrio vulgaris hydrogenase, however, is able to transfer electrons from H2 to the nitrite reductase using FAD as the electron transfer mediator. The dithionite-reduced nitrite reductase was demonstrated to be auto-oxidizable even in the presence of potassium cyanide. On addition of nitrite, the dithionite-reduced enzyme is re-oxidized immediately. Hydroxylamine, however, can only partially re-oxidize the reduced enzyme. Ascorbate reduces the enzyme to a limited extent and the partially reduced enzyme is neither auto-oxidizable nor re-oxidizable by nitrite or hydroxylamine. Purified nitrite reductase has a pH optimum in the range of 8.0-9.5 and optimal activity at 57 degrees C. Purified nitrite reductase also has hydroxylamine reductase activity, and the Km for nitrite was determined to be 1.14 mM and that for hydroxylamine is 113.5 mM. The difference in Km values seems to exclude the possibility of hydroxylamine being a free intermediate in the reduction of nitrite.
 ...
PMID:The isolation of a hexaheme cytochrome from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and its identification as a new type of nitrite reductase. 730 57

The structures of oxidized, reduced, nitrite-soaked oxidized and nitrite-soaked reduced nitrite reductase from Alcaligenes faecalis have been determined at 1.8-2.0 A resolution using data collected at -160 degrees C. The active site at cryogenic temperature, as at room temperature, contains a tetrahedral type II copper site liganded by three histidines and a water molecule. The solvent site is empty when crystals are reduced with ascorbate. A fully occupied oxygen-coordinate nitrite occupies the solvent site in crystals soaked in nitrite. Ascorbate-reduced crystals soaked in a glycerol-methanol solution and nitrite at -40 degrees C remain colorless at -160 degrees C but turn amber-brown when warmed, suggesting that NO is released. Nitrite is found at one-half occupancy. Five new solvent sites in the oxidized nitrite bound form exhibit defined but different occupancies in the other three forms. These results support a previously proposed mechanism by which nitrite is bound primarily by a single oxygen atom that is protonable, and after reduction and cleavage of that N-O bond, NO is released leaving the oxygen atom bound to the Cu site as hydroxide or water.
 ...
PMID:Structure of nitrite bound to copper-containing nitrite reductase from Alcaligenes faecalis. Mechanistic implications. 935 5

MicroRNA528 (miR528) is a conserved monocot-specific small RNA that has the potential of mediating multiple stress responses. So far, however, experimental functional studies of miR528 are lacking. Here, we report that overexpression of a rice (Oryza sativa) miR528 (Osa-miR528) in transgenic creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) alters plant development and improves plant salt stress and nitrogen (N) deficiency tolerance. Morphologically, miR528-overexpressing transgenic plants display shortened internodes, increased tiller number, and upright growth. Improved salt stress resistance is associated with increased water retention, cell membrane integrity, chlorophyll content, capacity for maintaining potassium homeostasis, CATALASE activity, and reduced ASCORBIC ACID OXIDASE (AAO) activity; while enhanced tolerance to N deficiency is associated with increased biomass, total N accumulation and chlorophyll synthesis, nitrite reductase activity, and reduced AAO activity. In addition, AsAAO and COPPER ION BINDING PROTEIN1 are identified as two putative targets of miR528 in creeping bentgrass. Both of them respond to salinity and N starvation and are significantly down-regulated in miR528-overexpressing transgenics. Our data establish a key role that miR528 plays in modulating plant growth and development and in the plant response to salinity and N deficiency and indicate the potential of manipulating miR528 in improving plant abiotic stress resistance.
...
PMID:Constitutive Expression of Rice MicroRNA528 Alters Plant Development and Enhances Tolerance to Salinity Stress and Nitrogen Starvation in Creeping Bentgrass. 2622 2