Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Pivot Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
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Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
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Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Query: EC:1.7.1.2 (
nitrate reductase
)
3,861
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
We investigated the effects of salt-sensitive signaling molecules on ionic fluxes and gene expression related to K
+
/Na
+
homeostasis in a perennial herb,
Glycyrrhiza uralensis
, during short-term NaCl stress (100 mM, 24 h). Salt treatment caused more pronounced Na
+
accumulation in root cells than in leaf cells. Na
+
ions were mostly compartmentalized in vacuoles. Roots exposed to NaCl showed increased levels of extracellular ATP (eATP), cytosolic Ca
2+
, H
2
O
2
, and NO. Steady-state flux recordings revealed that these salt-sensitive signaling molecules enhanced NaCl-responsive Na
+
efflux, due to the activated Na
+
/H
+
antiport system in the plasma membrane (PM). Moreover, salt-elicited K
+
efflux, which was mediated by depolarization-activated cation channels, was reduced with the addition of Ca
2+
, H
2
O
2
, NO, and eATP. The salt-adaptive effects of these molecules (Na
+
extrusion and K
+
maintenance) were reduced by pharmacological agents, including LaCl
3
(a PM Ca
2+
channel inhibitor), DMTU (a reactive oxygen species scavenger), cPTIO (an NO scavenger), or PPADS (an antagonist of animal PM purine P2 receptors). RT-qPCR data showed that the activation of the PM Na
+
/H
+
antiport system in salinized roots most likely resulted from the upregulation of two genes,
GuSOS1
and
GuAHA
, which encoded the PM Na
+
/H
+
antiporter, salt overly sensitive 1 (SOS1), and H
+
-ATPase, respectively. Clear interactions occurred between these salt-sensitive agonists to accelerate transcription of salt-responsive signaling pathway genes in
G. uralensis
roots. For example, Ca
2+
, H
2
O
2
, NO, and eATP promoted transcription of
GuSOS3
(salt overly sensitive 3) and/or
GuCIPK
(CBL-
interacting protein
kinase) to activate the predominant Ca
2+
-SOS signaling pathway in salinized liquorice roots. eATP, a novel player in the salt response of
G. uralensis
, increased the transcription of
GuSOS3, GuCIPK
,
GuRbohD
(respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein D),
GuNIR
(
nitrate reductase
),
GuMAPK3
, and
GuMAPK6
(the mitogen-activated protein kinases 3 and 6). Moreover,
GuMAPK3
and
GuMAPK6
expression levels were enhanced by H
2
O
2
in NaCl-stressed
G. uralensis
roots. Our results indicated that eATP triggered downstream components and interacted with Ca
2+
, H
2
O
2
, and NO signaling to maintain K
+
/Na
+
homeostasis. We propose that a multiple signaling network regulated K
+
/Na
+
homeostasis in NaCl-stressed
G. uralensis
roots.
...
PMID:Salt-Sensitive Signaling Networks in the Mediation of K
+
/Na
+
Homeostasis Gene Expression in
Glycyrrhiza uralensis
Roots. 2885 12
Cassava bacterial blight (CBB) caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam) seriously affects cassava yield.
Nitrate reductase
(NR) plays an important role in plant nitrogen metabolism in plants. However, the in vivo role of NR and the corresponding signalling pathway remain unclear in cassava. In this study, we isolated MeNR1/2 and revealed their novel upstream transcription factor MeRAV5. We also identified MeCatalase1 (MeCAT1) as the
interacting protein
of MeRAV5. In addition, we investigated the role of MeCatalase1 and MeRAV5-MeNR1/2 module in cassava defence response. MeNRs positively regulates cassava disease resistance against CBB through modulation of nitric oxide (NO) and extensive transcriptional reprogramming especially in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling. Notably, MeRAV5 positively regulates cassava disease resistance through the coordination of NO and hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
) level. On the one hand, MeRAV5 directly activates the transcripts of MeNRs and NO level by binding to CAACA motif in the promoters of MeNRs. On the other hand, MeRAV5 interacts with MeCAT1 to inhibit its activity, so as to negatively regulate endogenous H
2
O
2
level. This study highlights the precise coordination of NR activity and CAT activity by MeRAV5 through directly activating MeNRs and interacting with MeCAT1 in plant immunity.
...
PMID:The dual interplay of RAV5 in activating nitrate reductases and repressing catalase activity to improve disease resistance in cassava. 3312 98
