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Query: EC:1.7.1.2 (nitrate reductase)
 3,861 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A psychrotrophic Flexibacter sp., Flexibacter ovolyticus sp. nov., was isolated from the adherent bacterial epiflora of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) eggs and was shown to be an opportunistic pathogen for halibut eggs and larvae. The strains which we isolated had the enzymatic capacity to dissolve both the chorion and the zona radiata of the egg shells. A total of 35 isolates were characterized by using morphological and biochemical tests. These strains were rod shaped, gram negative, Kovacs oxidase positive, and pale yellow and exhibited gliding motility. They did not produce acid from any of the wide range of carbohydrates tested. Our isolates had the ability to degrade gelatin, tyrosine, DNA, and Tween 80. Starch, cellulose, and chitin were not degraded. The strains were catalase and nitrate reductase positive, did not produce H2S, and did not grow under anaerobic conditions. F. ovolyticus resembles Flexibacter maritimus, but differs from the latter species in several biochemical and physiological characteristics. DNAs from F. ovolyticus strains had guanine-plus-cytosine contents which ranged from 30.3 to 32.0 mol% (strains EKC001, EKD002T [T = type strain], and VKB004), and DNA-DNA hybridization studies revealed levels of relatedness between F. ovolyticus EKD002T and F. maritimus NCMB 2154T and NCMB 2153 of 42.7 and 30.0%, respectively. Compared with previously described Cytophaga and Flexibacter spp. with low guanine-plus-cytosine contents, F. ovolyticus constitutes a new species. Strain EKD002 (= NCIMB 13127) is the type strain of the new species.
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PMID:Flexibacter ovolyticus sp. nov., a pathogen of eggs and larvae of Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus L. 150 74

A distinct group of slowly growing mycobacteria was identified on the basis of growth characteristics, biochemical and lipid profiles, and nucleic acid analyses. The isolates showed growth at 22 to 37 degrees C, yellow pigmentation, and negative tests for Tween 80 hydrolysis, nicotinic acid, nitrate reductase, and urease; tests for arylsulfatase, pyrazinamidase, and heat-stable catalase were variable. Analysis of cellular fatty acids by gas-liquid chromatography and mycolic acids by thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography indicated a distinctive pattern which was unlike those of other species. Determination of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed a unique sequence closely related to Mycobacterium simiae and M. genavense. On the basis of DNA homology studies, we suggest that these organisms are representatives of a novel species, for which the name M. lentiflavum sp. nov. is proposed.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of a unique group of slowly growing mycobacteria: description of Mycobacterium lentiflavum sp. nov. 872 84

Three strains of a previously unknown coryneform bacterium were isolated from two patients with foot infections and from a blood culture of a third patient. The three non-lipophilic strains exhibited very slow fermentative acid production from glucose but not from maltose or sucrose, nitrate reductase activity, no tyrosinase activity and the presence of small amounts of tuberculostearic acid as the most significant phenotypic features. Differentiation of these strains from all other presently defined coryneform bacteria was readily achieved. Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed that the three strains unambiguously belonged to the genus Corynebacterium. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that the isolates were almost identical and represented a new subline within the genus Corynebacterium, for which the designation Corynebacterium confusum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Corynebacterium confusum is CCUG 38267T.
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PMID:Corynebacterium confusum sp. nov., isolated from human clinical specimens. 982 29

Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed with two strains (OCh 239T and OCh 210T, T = type strain) of aerobic bacteriochlorophyll-containing bacteria isolated from the charophytes and the epiphytes on the stromatolites, respectively, of a saline lake located on the west coast of Australia. Both strains were chemoheterotrophic, Gram-negative and motile rods with subpolar flagella. Catalase and oxidase were produced. ONPG reaction was positive. Cells utilized D-glucose, acetate, butyrate, citrate, DL-lactate, DL-malate, pyruvate, succinate, L-aspartate and L-glutamate. Acids were produced from D-fructose and D-glucose. Bacteriochlorophyll a was synthesized under aerobic conditions. Strain OCh 239T had nitrate reductase and phosphatase. Acids were produced from L-arabinose, D-galactose, lactose, maltose, D-ribose and sucrose. The strain could grow in 0-20.0% (w/v) NaCl. Strain OCh 210T had urease. Hydrolysis of gelatin was positive. Acids were produced from D-xylose. The strain could grow in 0.5-20.0% (w/v) NaCl. The results of 16S rRNA sequence comparisons revealed that strains OCh 239T and OCh 210T formed a new cluster within the alpha-3 group of the alpha subclass of the class Proteobacteria. The similarity value of the 16S rRNA sequences between strains OCh 239T and OCh 210T was 95.8%. Therefore, it was concluded that these two strains should be placed in a new genus, Roseivivax gen. nov., as the new species Roseivivax halodurans sp. nov. and Roseivivax halotolerans sp. nov. The type species of the genus is Roseivivax halodurans. The type strains of Roseivivax halodurans and Roseivivax halotolerans are OCh 239T (= JCM 10272T) and OCh 210T (= JCM 10271T), respectively.
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PMID:Roseivivax halodurans gen. nov., sp. nov. and Roseivivax halotolerans sp. nov., aerobic bacteriochlorophyll-containing bacteria isolated from a saline lake. 1031 85

A new, slow-growing, scotochromogenic mycobacterium was isolated from a lymph node of an immunocompromised child and subsequently from tap water and from a respiratory specimen of a patient with chronic fibrosis. Alcohol-acid-fastness, lipid patterns and the G + C content clearly support the placement of this organism in the genus Mycobacterium. The isolates grew very slowly at temperatures ranging from 25 to 32 degrees C and showed activities of nitrate reductase, catalase, urease, arylsulfatase and Tween 80 hydrolysis. The organism was susceptible to all antimycobacterial drugs tested. The 16S rDNA sequence was unique and phylogenetic analysis placed the organism close to fast-growing species such as Mycobacterium farcinogenes, Mycobacterium komossense and Mycobacterium aichiense. These data support the conclusion that the isolates represent a new mycobacterial species, for which the name Mycobacterium tusciae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain FI-25796T; a culture of this strain has been deposited in the DSMZ as strain DSM 44338T.
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PMID:Mycobacterium tusciae sp. nov. 1055 67

Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed with 10 strains of bacteriochlorophyll-containing bacteria isolated from a variety of marine environments (surface of Rhodophyta, sand and algal sand mat) on the east and west coasts of Australia. The strains were aerobic, chemoheterotrophic, Gram-negative, motile rods with peritrichous flagella. Bacteriochlorophyll a was synthesized under aerobic conditions. Catalase, nitrate reductase, oxidase and phosphatase were produced. ONPG reaction was positive. The strains have been divided into genotype group 1 (seven strains) and genotype group 2 (three strains) according to previously described DNA-DNA hybridization data. Strains OCh 254T and OCh 368T have been included in genotype groups 1 and 2, respectively. The results of 165 rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strains OCh 254T and OCh 368T formed a new cluster within the alpha-2 group of the alpha subclass of the Proteobacteria. The similarity value of the 16S rRNA gene sequences between strain OCh 254T and the most closely related species, Stappia aggregata, was 95.6 %. The sequence similarity value between strains OCh 254T and OCh 368T was 97.1%. It was concluded that these two strains should be placed into a new genus, Roseibium gen. nov., as Roseibium denhamense sp. nov. and Roseibium hamelinense sp. nov. The type species of the genus is Roseibium denhamense. The type strains of Roseibium denhamense and Roseibium hamelinense are OCh 254T (= JCM 10543T) and OCh 368T (= JCM 10544T), respectively.
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PMID:Roseigium denhamense gen. nov., sp. nov. and Roseibium hemelinense sp. nov., aerobic bacteriochlorophyll-containing bacteria isolated from the east and west coasts of Australia. 1115 91

A Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, dissimilatory chlorate-reducing bacterium, strain AW-1(T), was isolated from biomass of an anaerobic chlorate-reducing bioreactor. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence showed 100% sequence similarity to Pseudomonas stutzeri DSM 50227 and 98.6% sequence similarity to the type strain of P. stutzeri (DSM 5190(T)). The species P. stutzeri possesses a high degree of genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity. Therefore, eight genomic groups, termed genomovars, have been proposed based upon deltaTm values, which were used to evaluate the quality of the pairing within heteroduplexes formed by DNA-DNA hybridization. In this study, DNA-DNA hybridization between strain AW-1(T) and P. stutzeri strains DSM 50227 and DSM 5190(T) revealed respectively 80.5 and 56.5% similarity. DNA-DNA hybridization between P. stutzeri strains DSM 50227 and DSM 5190(T) revealed 48.4% similarity. DNA-DNA hybridization indicated that strain AW-1(T) is not related at the species level to the type strain of P. stutzeri. However, strain AW-1(T) and P. stutzeri DSM 50227 are related at the species level. The physiological and biochemical properties of strain AW-1(T) and the two P. stutzeri strains were compared. A common characteristic of P. stutzeri strains is the ability to denitrify. However, in growth experiments, strain AW-1(T) could use only chlorate or oxygen as an electron acceptor and not nitrate, perchlorate or bromate. Strain AW-1(T) is the first chlorate-reducing bacterium described that does not possess another oxyanion-reduction pathway. Cell extracts of strain AW-1(T) showed chlorate and bromate reductase activities but not nitrate reductase activity. P. stutzeri strains DSM 50227 and DSM 5190(T) could use nitrate or oxygen as an electron acceptor, but not chlorate. Chlorate reductase activity, in addition to nitrate reductase activity, was detected in cell extracts of both P. stutzeri strains. Chlorite dismutase activity was absent in extracts of both P. stutzeri strains but was present in extracts of strain AW-1(T). Based on the hybridization experiments and the physiological and biochemical data, it is proposed that strain AW-1(T) be classified as a novel species of Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas chloritidismutans sp. nov. The type strain is strain AW-1(T) (= DSM 13592(T) = ATCC BAA-443(T)).
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PMID:Pseudomonas chloritidismutans sp. nov., a non-denitrifying, chlorate-reducing bacterium. 1250 87

Slowly growing, non-pigmented mycobacteria were isolated from striped bass (Morone saxatilis) during an epizootic of mycobacteriosis in the Chesapeake Bay. Growth characteristics, acid-fastness and results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing were consistent with those of the genus Mycobacterium. A unique profile of biochemical reactions was observed among the 21 isolates. A single cluster of eight peaks identified by analysis of mycolic acids (HPLC) resembled those of reference patterns but differed in peak elution times from profiles of reference species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. One isolate (M1 75T) was placed within the slowly growing mycobacteria by analysis of aligned 168S rRNA gene sequences and was proximate in phylogeny to Mycobacterium ulcerans and Mycobacterium marinum. However, distinct nucleotide differences were detected in the 16S rRNA gene sequence among M175T, M. ulcerans and M. marinum (99.2% similarity). Isolate M175T could be differentiated from other slowly growing, non-pigmented mycobacteria by its inability to grow at 37 degrees C, production of niacin and urease, absence of nitrate reductase and resistance to isoniazid (1 microg ml(-1)), thiacetazone and thiophene-2-carboxylic hydrazide. Based upon these genetic and phenotypic differences, isolate M175T (=ATCC 700981T =NCTC 13215T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species, Mycobacterium shottsii sp. nov.
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PMID:Mycobacterium shottsii sp. nov., a slowly growing species isolated from Chesapeake Bay striped bass (Morone saxatilis). 1271 Jun 7

The isolation and identification of a novel, slow-growing, scotochromogenic, mycobacterial species is reported. A strain, designated MUP 1182T, was isolated from a cervical lymph node of a 3-year-old child. MUP 1182T is alcohol- and acid-fast, with a lipid pattern that is consistent with those of species that belong to the genus Mycobacterium. It grows slowly at 25-37 degrees C, but does not grow at 42 degrees C. The isolate was revealed to be biochemically distinct from previously described mycobacterial species: it has urease and Tween hydrolysis activities and lacks nitrate reductase, 3-day arylsulfatase and beta-glucosidase activities. Comparative 16S rDNA sequencing showed that isolate MUP 1182T represents a novel, slow-growing species that is related closely to Mycobacterium lentiflavum and Mycobacterium simiae. On the basis of these findings, the name Mycobacterium parmense sp. nov. is proposed, with MUP 1182T (=CIP 107385T=DSM 44553T) as the type strain.
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PMID:Mycobacterium parmense sp. nov. 1528 Feb 80

A group of slowly growing photochromogenic mycobacteria was isolated from Chesapeake Bay striped bass (Morone saxatilis) during an epizootic of mycobacteriosis. Growth characteristics, acid-fastness and 16S rRNA gene sequencing results were consistent with those of the genus Mycobacterium. Biochemical reactions, growth characteristics and mycolic acid profiles (HPLC) resembled those of Mycobacterium shottsii, a non-pigmented mycobacterium also isolated during the same epizootic. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes, the gene encoding the exported repeated protein (erp) and the gene encoding the 65 kDa heat-shock protein (hsp65) and restriction enzyme analysis of the hsp65 gene demonstrated that this group of isolates is unique. Insertion sequences associated with Mycobacterium ulcerans, IS2404 and IS2606, were detected by PCR. These isolates could be differentiated from other slowly growing pigmented mycobacteria by their inability to grow at 37 degrees C, production of niacin and urease, absence of nitrate reductase, negative Tween 80 hydrolysis and resistance to isoniazid (1 mug ml(-1)), p-nitrobenzoic acid, thiacetazone and thiophene-2-carboxylic hydrazide. On the basis of this polyphasic study, it is proposed that these isolates represent a novel species, Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii sp. nov. The type strain, L15(T), has been deposited in the American Type Culture Collection as ATCC BAA-883(T) and the National Collection of Type Cultures (UK) as NCTC 13318(T).
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PMID:Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii sp. nov., a slowly growing chromogenic species isolated from Chesapeake Bay striped bass (Morone saxatilis). 1587 46


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