Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.7.1.2 (nitrate reductase)
 3,861 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Certain bioregulators were studied in relation to nitrogen metabolism of pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Lamuyo). Plants were grown under controlled conditions and submitted to regular fertilization with macro- and micronutrients. Treatments were as follows: nontreated control (T0); fosfonutren [essential amino acids and micronutrients (46.9 mg L(-)(1))] (T1); biozyme [GA(3) (32.2 mg L(-)(1)) plus IAA (32.2 mg L(-)(1)) plus zeatin (83.2 mg L(-)(1)) plus chelated micronutrients] (T2); and GA(3) [16 mg L(-)(1)] (T3). The concentrations of NO(3)(-), organic N, amino acids, and proteins, the activities of nitrate reductase (NR) and nitrite reductase (NiR), and finally the foliar dry weight and yield were analyzed. The results indicated that the application of certain bioregulators, such as fosfonutren (T1), which contain amino acids can cause a negative effect on the efficiency and utilization of NO(3)(-), resulting in a drastic loss in growth and yield, even under the control treatment, in which no bioregulator was applied. On the contrary, the application of certain bioregulators based principally on the combination of different hormones, as in the case of biozyme (T2), increased NO(3)(-) assimilation under our experimental conditions, due possibly to a greater availability of these bioregulators in the leaves and increased NR and NiR activities. This appears to explain why the T2 treatment gave the greatest foliar dry weight and fruit yield per plant in the experiment.
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PMID:Nitrogen metabolism in pepper plants applied with different bioregulators. 1089 46

The effect of mimosine (50 ppm and 100 ppm concentrations) onOryza sativa (rice) seed germination; root and shoot growth, i.e., length and fresh weight of seedlings; activities of nitrate reductase, peroxidase, catalase, and IAA oxidase were investigated. Significant inhibition in seed germination and shoot length was noted. Root length was inhibited by 100 ppm mimosine; however, the 50 ppm was not significant. Root and shoot fresh weight was not significantly inhibited by the tested concentrations of mimosine. Significant inhibition in activities of nitrate reductase, peroxidase and its isoenzymes, catalase, and IAA oxidase was observed. Ecophysiological implications of mimosine phytotoxicity are discussed.
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PMID:Mimosine-inhibited seed germination, seedling growth, and enzymes ofOryza sativa L. 2424 61

Advanced sewage treatment by microalgae is regarded as a promising method for addressing eutrophication. To improve sewage treatment, three kinds of plant hormones including auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA), cytokinin (Zeatin), and brassinosteroid, were chosen to measure the influence of plant hormones on nitrogen and phosphorus removal by Tetraselmis cordiformis and to analyze their mechanisms, including photosynthesis, nutrient metabolism, and gene transcription. The results indicated that the maximal removal efficiencies of total nitrogen and phosphate by T. cordiformis were elevated by the plant hormones by 184.3% and 53.2%, respectively. The chlorophyll a content was increased by 1.1 times by the plant hormones in comparison with the control. Moreover, after being stimulated by plant hormones, the activities of nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) increased by 90.4% and 82.1%, respectively, in comparison with the control. Supplementation with plant hormones also significantly elevated the mRNA expression level of GS-related gene by 30.9%. This study demonstrated that plant hormones could significantly promote the nutrient removal of microalgae for sewage treatment in artificial laboratory conditions and provided theoretical support for its further practical full-scale application under variable conditions.
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PMID:Facilitating effects of plant hormones on biomass production and nutrients removal by Tetraselmis cordiformis for advanced sewage treatment and its mechanism. 3137 56

Humic substances (HS) are powerful natural plant biostimulants. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about the relationship between their structure and bioactivity in plants. We extracted HS (THE1-2) from two forest soils covered with Pinus mugo (1) or Pinus sylvestris (2). The extracts were subjected to weak acid treatment to produce size-fractionated HS (high molecular size, HMS1-2; low molecular size, LMS1-2). HS were characterized for total acidity, functional groups, element and auxin (IAA) contents, and hormone-like activity. HS concentrations ranging from 0 to 5 mg C L-1 were applied to garlic (Allium sativum L.) plantlets in hydroponics to ascertain differences between unfractionated and size-fractionated HS in the capacity to promote mineral nutrition, root growth and cell differentiation, activity of enzymes related to plant development (invertase, peroxidase, and esterase), and N (nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase) and S (O-acetylserine sulphydrylase) assimilation into amino acids. A positive linear dose-response relationship was determined for all HS in the range 0-1 mg C L-1, while higher HS doses were less effective or ineffective in promoting physiological-biochemical attributes of garlic. Bioactivity was higher for size-fractionated HS according to the trend LMS1-2>HMS1-2>THE1-2, with LMS2 and HMS2 being overall more bioactive than LMS1 and HMS1, respectively. LMS1-2 contained more N, oxygenated functional groups and IAA compared to THE1-2 and HMS1-2. Also, they exhibited higher hormone-like activities. Such chemical properties likely accounted for the greater biostimulant action of LMS1-2. Beside plant growth, nutrition and N metabolism, HS stimulated S assimilation by promoting the enrichment of garlic plantlets with the S amino acid alliin, which has recognized beneficial properties in human health. Concluding, this study endorses that i) treating THE with a weak acid produced sized-fractionated HS with higher bioactivity and differing in properties, perhaps because of novel molecular arrangements of HS components that better interacted with garlic roots; ii) LMS from forest soils covered with P. mugo or P. sylvestris were the most bioactive; iii) the cover vegetation affected HS bioactivity iv); HS stimulated N and S metabolism with relevant benefits to crop nutritional quality.
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PMID:Bioactivity of Size-Fractionated and Unfractionated Humic Substances From Two Forest Soils and Comparative Effects on N and S Metabolism, Nutrition, and Root Anatomy of Allium sativum L. 3292 15