Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.6.99.6 (NADPH oxidase)
 10,295 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Primary physicochemical steps in microwounding of plants were investigated using electrochemical nano- and microprobes, with a focus on the role of oxygen in the wounding responses of individual plant cells. Electrochemical measurements of cell oxygen content were made with carbon-filled quartz micropipettes with platinum-coated tips (oxygen nanosensors). These novel platinum nanoelectrodes are useful for understanding cell oxygen metabolism and can be employed to study the redox biochemistry and biology of cells, tissues and organisms. We show here that microinjury of Chara corallina internodal cells with the tip of a glass micropipette is associated with a drastic decrease in oxygen concentration at the vicinity of the stimulation site. This decrease is reversible and lasts for up to 40 minutes. Membrane stretching, calcium influx, and cytoskeleton rearrangements were found to be essential for the localized oxygen depletion induced by cell wall microwounding. Inhibition of electron transport in chloroplasts or mitochondria did not affect the magnitude or timing of the observed response. In contrast, the inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity caused a significant reduction in the amplitude of the decrease in oxygen concentration. We suggest that the observed creation of localized anoxic conditions in response to cell wall puncture might be mediated by NADPH oxidase.
J Exp Bot 2020 01 01
PMID:Prolonged oxygen depletion in microwounded cells of Chara corallina detected with novel oxygen nanosensors. 3156 50

Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are two key molecules in plant cells which participate, directly or indirectly, as regulators of protein functions through derived posttranslational modifications (PTMs) mainly tyrosine nitration, S-nitrosation and persulfidation. These PTMs allow the participation of both NO and H2S signal molecules in a wide range of cellular processes either physiological or under stressful circumstances. NADPH partakes in the cellular redox status and it is a key cofactor necessary for cell growth and development because it participates in significant biochemical routes such as fatty acid, carotenoid and proline biosynthesis, shikimate pathway as well as in cellular detoxification processes including the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, the NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase (NTR) or the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase. Plant cells have diverse mechanism to generate NADPH by a group of NADP-dependent oxidoreductases including the ferredoxin-NADP reductase (FNR), NADP-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP-GAPDH), NADP-dependent malic enzyme (NADP-ME), NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-ICDH), and both enzymes of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OxPPP), designated as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH). These enzymes consist of different isozymes located in diverse subcellular compartments (chloroplasts, cytosol, mitochondria and peroxisomes) which contribute to the NAPDH cellular pool. The present review provides a comprehensive overview about how PTMs promoted by NO (Tyr-nitration and S-nitrosation), H2S (persulfidation) and glutathione (glutathionylation), affect the cellular redox status through the regulation of the NADP-dependent dehydrogenases.
J Exp Bot 2020 Sep 18
PMID:Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) modulate the NADPH-generating enzymatic system in higher plants. 3294 78


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