Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.6.99.5 (NADH dehydrogenase)
 2,135 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Studies on the effect of various Cd2+ concentrations on substrate oxidation by whole cells of cadmium-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus 17810S showed that oxidation of glutamate or pyruvate was highly sensitive to low Cd2+ concentrations (5 microM), whereas L-lactate oxidation was insensitive even to high Cd2+ concentrations (100 microM). Location of the cadmium-sensitive targets in the enzyme systems involved in oxidation of these substrates was studied in subcellular fractions prepared from cells pretreated with 5 or 100 microM Cd2+. Activities of the cytoplasmic 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (ODHC)') and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) were strongly inhibited with 5 microM Cd2+, while with 100 microM Cd2+ the inhibition was almost complete. In contrast, activities of the cytoplasmic NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD-GDH), the membrane-bound NADH dehydrogenase (NDH) and HQNO-sensitive NADH oxidase were not sensitive to 100 microM Cd2+. These data indicate that the accessible, cadmium-sensitive targets are located only in the cytoplasmic ODHC and PDHC. It is postulated that two vicinal dithiols present in ODHC and PDHC may be regarded as the primary cadmium-sensitive targets in the systems oxidizing glutamate or pyruvate. Since activities of the membrane-bound NAD-independent L-lactate dehydrogenase (iLDH) and HQNO-sensitive L-lactate oxidase were not affected by 100 microM Cd2+, this indicates that the L-lactate oxidizing system lacks the accessible, cadmium-sensitive targets. The mechanism of Cd2+ toxicity to energy conservation with glutamate, pyruvate or L-lactate in S. aureus is discussed.
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PMID:Cadmium-sensitive targets in the aerobic respiratory metabolism of Staphylococcus aureus. 895 92

We used proteomics to detect regional differences in protein expression levels from mitochondrial fractions of control, ischemia-reperfusion (IR), and ischemic preconditioned (IPC) rabbit hearts. Using 2-DE, we identified 25 mitochondrial proteins that were differentially expressed in the IR heart compared with the control and IPC hearts. For three of the spots, the expression patterns were confirmed by Western blotting analysis. These proteins included 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, prohibitin, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, adenosine triphosphate synthases, the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidoreductase, translation elongation factor, actin alpha, malate dehydrogenase, NADH dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase and the voltage-dependent anion channel. Interestingly, most of these proteins are associated with the mitochondrial respiratory chain and energy metabolism. The successful use of multiple techniques, including 2-DE, MALDI-TOF-MS and Western blotting analysis demonstrates that proteomic analysis provides appropriate means for identifying cardiac markers for detection of ischemia-induced cardiac injury.
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PMID:Potential biomarkers for ischemic heart damage identified in mitochondrial proteins by comparative proteomics. 1640 59

Fossil fuel emissions and changes in net land use lead to an increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration and a subsequent decrease of ocean pH. Noticeable effects on organisms' calcification rate, shell structure and energy metabolism have been reported in the literature. To date, little is known about the molecular mechanisms altered under low pH exposure, especially in non-calcifying organisms. We used a suppression subtractive hybridisation (SSH) approach to characterise differentially expressed genes isolated from Platynereis dumerilii, a non-calcifying marine polychaeta species, kept at normal and low pH conditions. Several gene sequences have been identified as differentially regulated. These are involved in processes previously considered as indicators of environment change, such as energy metabolism (NADH dehydrogenase, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, cytochrome c oxidase and ATP synthase subunit F), while others are involved in cytoskeleton function (paramyosin and calponin) and immune defence (fucolectin-1 and paneth cell-specific alpha-defensin) processes. This is the first study of differential gene expression in a non-calcifying, marine polychaete exposed to low pH seawater conditions and suggests that mechanisms of impact may include additional pathways not previously identified as impacted by low pH in other species.
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PMID:Exposure to low pH induces molecular level changes in the marine worm, Platynereis dumerilii. 2647 78