Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.6.99.3 (diaphorase)
 5,903 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The properties of the membrane-bound reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidase of Acholeplasma laidlawii were compared with those of the corresponding cytoplasmic activity of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri. The striking differences in pH optima, susceptibility to inhibitors and detergents, and heat inactivation between the NADH oxidase activity, with oxygen as an electron acceptor, and the NADH oxidoreductase activity, with dichlorophenol indophenol (DCPIP) as an alternate electron acceptor, support the presence of more than one catalytic protein in both the membrane-bound and soluble enzyme systems. The detection of more than one band positive for the NADH-nitroblue tetrazolium oxidoreductase reaction on electrophoresis of either the membranes of A. laidlawii or the cytoplasm of M mycoides subsp. capri also points in the same direction. The membrane-bound enzyme system differed, however, form the soluble one because it had a lower ratio of oxidase activity to oxidoreductase activity, and because it was less susceptible to heat inactivation and more readily incorporated incorporated into reaggregated membranes. In addition, the specific activity of the membrane-bound enzyme system increased as the culture aged, whereas that of the soluble system decreased as the culture aged. It is suggested that the different location in the cell could be responsible for some of the differences between the membrane-bound NADH oxidase activity of A. laidlawii and that found in the cytoplasm of M. mycoides subsp. capri.
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PMID:Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidase activity in membranes and cytoplasm of Acholeplasma laidlawii and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri. 1 Dec 8

Neuromuscular biopsies were obtained from 45 myasthenic patients. Motor innervation was studied in all specimens by vital staining with methylene blue. Quantitative data included the proportion of elongated motor endings, and the terminal innervation ratio (TIR) of motor axons. Quantitative histochemical data, obtained on 12 biopsies, included the atrophy factors of type I and II fibers, the I/II ratio, and the proportion of fibers strongly reacting to both ATPase and NADH diaphorase (type III fibers). Statistical analysis of the data led to the following conclusions: (1) elongated motor endings, found in 26 biopsies, were not related to denervation or to the severity of the disease, and were preferentially observed in younger patients; (2) increased TIR suggesting denervation was observed in 7 biopsies, only in patients over 50 years; and (3) various histochemical changes were found, mainly numeric reduction of type II fibers, having no demonstrable relationship with the incidence of elongated motor endings. The highest TIR was observed in a biopsy containing an increased proportion of type III and intermediate muscle fibers.
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PMID:Morphological and histochemical changes of motor units in myasthenia. 6 Aug 96

Variants of some erythrocyte and serum enzymes have been studied among several blood samples of Guinea baboon (Papio papio). Variation occurred in two red cell enzymes, G6PD and NADH diaphorase, and in serum esterase. All studied animals had a complete uniformity in other enzyme systems (acP, 6PGD, CA, AK, and cholinesterase at E1 locus). Data obtained in the present work have been discussed and compared with those reported among other baboon species.
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PMID:Red cell and serum enzymes of Guinea baboon (Papio papio). 9 67

In 2 inoculated mouse tumours the conformity of the actions of 4 different cytostatics at 2 dose levels was tested in vitro and in vivo. The histochemical reaction of lactate dehydrogenase and NADH diaphorase was taken as a criterion of the cytostatic action. The investigations showed the tumours used responded to the cytostatics employed. A good conformity of the in vitro and in vivo findings was established. The histochemical assessment of organ cultures following the administration of cytostatics allows to determine the sensitivity of tumours and helps the physician in deciding on an effective therapeutic.
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PMID:[The correlation of in vivo and in vitro effect of cytostatics in transplantated tumours of the mouse (author's transl)]. 9 68

The cerebral thrombosis of the rat with 35 micrometer labeled microspheres gives infarcted areas easily seen. After 15 min, in these areas, there is no change in NADH diaphorase-, succinic-dehydrogenase-, mono-amino-oxidase-, glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase-, isocitric dehydrogenase-, lactic-dehydrogenase-, ATPase, alpha galactosidase-, acid phospatase activity. After 2, 4, 6 h all these activities diminish in the neuropil but they are preserved in the neurones for diaphorase, succinic-dehydrogenase and mono-amino-oxidase. The margin of infarcted areas shows a strong staining for acid phosphatase. Before 2 h there is not enzymatic changes neither oedema. This experimental model seems trustly and could be developped.
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PMID:[Brain rat histoenzymological changes induced by microsphere injection during ischemia (author's transl)]. 11 18

Intrafusal fibres from the rat soleus were investigated for representative histochemical profiles in sedentary animals and animals chronically exercised for 17 weeks on a treadmill. The pattern of myosin adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity in the polar region revealed three intrafusal fibre types: (1) myosin ATPase-dark (MD) fibres, alkali- and acid-stabile; (2) myosin ATPase-light (ML) fibres, alkali- and acid-labile; and (3) myosin ATPase-reversible (MR) fibres, alkali-stabile and acid-labile. The three fibre types were correlated with the level of reduced NADH diaphorase activity, with MR, ML and MD fibres staining dark, moderate and light, respectively. In the equatorial region the morphological features of representative ML and MD fibres revealed that they were nuclear bag fibres, while representative MR fibres were identified as nuclear chain fibres. The MR fibres in the exercised animals had higher levels of myosin ATPase alkaline stability and acid lability than MR fibres in the sedentary animals, suggesting the MR fibre profiles are selectively influenced by chronic exercise. The mean cross-sectional area of MR fibres from the exercised animals was significantly less than the MR fibres from the sedentary animals. In contrast to the effect of endurance training on NADH diaphorase activity in extrafusal muscle fibres, there was evidence of less activity in the MD fibres of the exercised animals.
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PMID:Histochemical profiles of rat soleus intrafusal fibres after chronic exercise. 12 93

Gastrocnemius muscle specimens from 19 patients with varicose veins without clinical neuropathy were examined with a light microscope after staining fresh-frozen sections with modified Gomori trichrome and after histochemical reactions for NADH diaphorase, ATPases and phosphorylase. Only four muscle specimens from these 19 patients were regarded as completely normal. In five of the patients (26 per cent) a combination of fiber type grouping and small-group atrophy, and in nine patients (47 per cent) fiber type grouping with occasional small angulated fibers were observed. These changes were less frequent in nine biopsies from brain-death control patients (11 per cent). Various forms of abnormalities in the distribution of NADH diaphorase were seen in 13 patients with varicose veins (68 per cent) and in one of the controls (11 per cent). Necrosis and phagocytosis of the muscle fibers were present in three biopsies from patients with varicose veins (16 per cent) and in one of the controls (11 per cent).
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PMID:Muscle changes in patients with varicose veins. 14 95

Rat muscle nerves were examined histochemically for their activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The corresponding muscles were stained for myofibrillar ATPase and for NADH diaphorase. The nerves to the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle and to the medial head of the gastrocnemius (MG) muscle consist of a motor axons of high AChE activity. Both muscles are characterized by the prevalence of type II muscle fibres. On the other hand, the soleus muscle and the quandratus femoris muscle, both mainly composed of type I muscle fibres, are innervated by a motor axons of low AChE activity. Since it is well established that EDL and MG are typical fast-twitch muscles and that the soleus, and probably also the auadratus femoris, is a typical slow-twitch muscle, it is suggested that, in rat, fast muscles are innervated by motor nerve fibres of high AChE activity and slow muscles are innervated by motor axons of low AChE activity.
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PMID:Acetylcholinesterase activity in motor nerve fibres in correlation to muscle fibre types in rat. 14 38

EUE cells from a human heteroploid line cultured in hypertonic medium (0.274 M NaCl) modify their lipid pattern: sulfolipid concentration reaches 86 to 90 microgram/mg protein whilst it ranges between 19 to 32 microgram/mg in cells cultured in isotonic medium. Ganglioside concentration reaches 2.6 nmoles of sialic acid/mg protein (after 75 days) and 13 (after 85 days) in hypertonic saline medium. Whilst it is 0.5 in isotonic medium. Phospholipid concentration does not show any similar change. Cytoenzymatic analysis reveals that dehydrogenases (lactate, G-6-P dehydrogenases, tetrahydrofolate reductase and NADH diaphorase) appear strongly enhanced in cells grown on hypertonic medium. On the contrary higher acid phosphatase and ATPase activity was demonstrable in cells grown on isotonic medium. These results are similar (except for ATPase activity) to those observed in salt secreting glands involved in strong osmotic work. The results are discussed in relation to the problem of energy supply in cells performing osmotic work.
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PMID:Biochemical and histochemical features of human cultured cells (EUE) adapted to hypertonic medium. 15 74

Metabolic and vascular adaptation of teleost lateral propulsive musculature to an active mode of life was investigated in four pelagic teleosts (mackerel, yellowtail scad, pilchard and Australian salmon). Histochemical profiles and capillarisation data of the red and white muscle were compared to those of less active demersal species. Pelagic white muscle stained positively for the aerobic enzymes succinate dehydrogenase and NADH diaphorase, and had both subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar mitochondria which corresponded to the loci of the histochemical stain. Subsarcolemmal mitochondria tended to be localised close to capillaries. In contrast, white muscle from demersal species was unstained for the same enzymes and was devoid of mitochondria. Red muscle of all species had abundant mitochondria and stained intensely for aerobic enzymes. Capillarisation was quantified by determining the percentage of fibres surrounded by a given number of peripheral capillaries, mean fibre diameter, mean number of peripheral capillaries, capillary: fibre ratio and sharing factor where appropriate. Red muscle of mackerel, Australian salmon, pilchard and scad are better vascularised than red muscle of the flathead having 153, 200, 242, 291 and 309 microns 2 of cross-sectional fibre area per peripheral capillary, respectively. White muscle of mackerel, pilchard and scad are better vascularised than white muscle of the Australian salmon and flathead having 2040, 3367, 4992, 9893 and 10,469 microns 2 of cross-sectional fibre area per peripheral capillary, respectively. Red muscle of Australian salmon had distinct regional variation. Deep red muscle was found to be more highly vascularised (4.2 peripheral capillaries per muscle fibre) than lateral red muscle (1.9 peripheral capillaries per muscle fibre). Red muscle of the other species was less heterogeneous. White muscle capillarisation was slightly variable in all species. It is concluded that the white muscle of the pelagic species studied is functionally and structurally adapted for sustained aerobic activity with relatively abundant mitochondria being preferentially situated close to the source of gas and metabolite exchange.
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PMID:Capillary distribution and metabolic histochemistry of the lateral propulsive musculature of pelagic teleost fish. 15 76


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