Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.6.99.3 (diaphorase)
5,903 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Alkaline phosphatase was released from protoplasts of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae without cell lysis not only by phosphatidylinositol (PI)-specific phospholipase C but also by phosphatidylcholine (PC)-hydrolyzing phospholipase C. Activities of mitochondrial enzymes such as succinate dehydrogenase, antimycin-sensitive NADH-cytochrome c reductase, and oligomycin-sensitive ATPase were decreased by the action of PC-hydrolyzing phospholipase C. Hydrolysis of microsomal PC or PI did not cause any decrease in the activities of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and antimycin-insensitive NADPH-cytochrome c reductase. In the requirement of phospholipids, the properties of yeast mitochondrial enzymes were very close to those of mammalian mitochondrial enzymes, whereas those of yeast microsomal enzymes were completely different from those of mammalian microsomal enzymes.
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PMID:Effects of phospholipases C on membrane-bound enzymes of yeast. 296 99

The nucleotide sequence (56,410 base-pairs) of the large single-copy region of chloroplast DNA from the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha has been determined. The sequence starts from one end (JLA) of the large single-copy region and encompasses genes for 21 tRNAs, six ATPase subunits (atpA, atpB, atpE, atpF, atpH and atpI), two photosystem I polypeptides (psaA and psaB), four photosystem II polypeptides (psbA, psbC, psbD and psbG), five ribosomal proteins (rps2, rps4, rps7, rps'12 and rps14), and three RNA polymerase subunits (rpoB, rpoC1 and rpoC2). In addition, we detected 18 open reading frames ranging from 29 to 2136 amino acid residues long, four of which share significant amino acid sequence homology to those of an Escherichia coli malK protein (designated mbpX), human mitochondrial ND2 (ndh2) and ND3 (ndh3) of a respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase, or a bacterial antenna protein of a light-harvesting complex (lhcA). Sequence analysis suggests that four tRNA genes and six protein genes might be split by introns; they are trnG(UCC), trnK(UUU), trnL(UAA), trnV(UAC), atpF, ndh2, rpoC1, rps'12, ORF135 and ORF167. In the large single-copy region described here, the gene organization deduced is highly conserved with respect to that of higher plants, but an inversion of some 30,000 base-pairs flanked by trnL(CAA) and trnD(GUC) was seen between the liverwort and tobacco chloroplast genomes.
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PMID:Structure and organization of Marchantia polymorpha chloroplast genome. II. Gene organization of the large single copy region from rps'12 to atpB. 297 85

There are two pairs of muscles in each abdominal segment of the crab; one pair of flexors and one pair of extensors. In the early larval stages the muscles have short sarcomeres--a property of fast fibers--and high thin to thick filament ratios--a property of slow fibers. In the adult the abdominal muscles are intermediate and slow, since they have fibers with intermediate and long sarcomeres, high thin to thick filament ratios, low myofibrillar ATPase activity, and high NADH diaphorase activity. The different fiber types are regionally distributed within the flexor muscle. Microelectrode recordings from single flexor muscle fibers in the adult showed that most fibers are supplied by three excitatory motor axons, although some are supplied by as many as five efferents. One axon supplies all of the flexor muscle fibers in its own hemisegment, and the evoked junctional potentials exhibit depression. This feature together with the innervation patterns of the fibers are similar to those reported for the deep flexor muscles of crayfish and lobsters. Therefore, in the adult crab, the abdominal flexor muscles have some features in common with the slow superficial flexors of crayfish and other features in common with the fast deep flexor muscles.
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PMID:Neuromuscular relationships in the abdomen of the Californian shore crab Pachygrapsus crassipes. 298 47

Sarcolemmal (SL) and microsomal (MC) membranes were prepared from adult canine cardiocytes. SL Na+, K+-ATPase (2.35 mumole/min per mg) was enriched 117-fold over the homogenate and MC rotenone-insensitive NADH cytochrome c reductase (RINCR) was enriched 41-fold. Preincubation of SL with 50 microM arachidonyl-CoA (20:4 CoA) stimulated Na+, K+-ATPase almost 2-fold; 250 microM 20:4 CoA inhibited the enzyme by 85%. However, RINCR was inhibited 80% by only 0.2 microM 20:4 CoA. Thus, each of these myocardial lipid-dependent enzymes showed a different sensitivity to perturbation by lipid amphiphiles. In further experiments, SL preincubated with 50 microM 20:4 CoA + 2.5 mM propranolol (which had no effect alone) exhibited a synergistic inhibition of the Na+, K+-ATPase: The enzymatic activity declined 8.5-fold when compared to sarcolemma treated with 50 microM 20:4 CoA alone. Thus, the presence of lipid amphiphiles may result in greater inhibition of the Na+, K+-ATPase when propranolol is present in the membrane.
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PMID:Perturbations of sarcolemmal and microsomal enzymes by amphiphilic lipids and drugs. 298 57

The report deals with the effect of ischemia and reperfusion on purified sarcolemma obtained from canine myocardium of perfused supported heart preparations. Perfusion was carried out with a perfluorochemical (FC-43). Ischemia was produced by intermittent total clamping of inflow and outflow followed by release until the decrease in dP/dtmax had become stabile. Purity of sarcolemmal vesicles was ascertained with marker enzymes: succinate cytochrome c reductase (for mitochondria), K+-stimulated p-nitrophenylphosphate (K+-pNPPase), (Na+/K+)ATPase and adenylate cyclase (for SL). In addition Na+/Ca2+-exchange characteristics for SL were determined. Sidedness of vesicles was ascertained by means of adenylate cyclase activity using sarcolemmal preparations treated and untreated with alamethicin. Emphasis was placed on ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake, phosphorylation of sarcolemmal vesicles and yield of SL proteins. Ischemia and reperfusion resulted in a significant reduction in adenylate cyclase activity. This decline was significant following ischemia and reperfusion. The yield of protein recovered from SL vesicles from ischemic-reperfused heart preparations was also significantly decreased. Both initial rate of ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake and maximal Ca2+ uptake fell significantly following ischemia and reperfusion. The initial rate of phosphorylation also dropped significantly. These disturbances in SL Ca2+ transport following ischemia and reperfusion are probably a part of the general deficit in Ca2+ translocation.
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PMID:The effect of ischemia and reperfusion on sarcolemmal function in perfused canine hearts. 300 67

An accelerated method is developed for isolating a fraction of plasma membranes of pig myometrium using ultracentrifugation within the sucrose density gradient (15% and 30%). The membranes possessed the high activity of 5'-nucleotidase and Na+, K+-ATPase and the low activity of rhotenon-insensitive NADH-cytochrome c reductase. The vesicularized preparations of plasma membranes are able of ATP-dependent accumulation of Ca2+ (7.5 +/- 0.3 nmol. 45Ca2+ per 1 mg of protein for 15 min). Phosphate increases the calcium accumulation in the presence of ATP and Mg2+. Ionophore A 23187 promotes a complete and rapid release of the previously active-accumulated calcium. The release of 45Ca2+ accumulated by the membrane fraction may be reached by introduction of 1 mM EGTA or DS-Na into the incubation medium, that evidences for the cation accumulation inside closed structures. Using concanavalin-A-sepharose 4B it is shown that 60% of membrane vesicles are turned inside out. The low saponine concentrations (0.0005%) which inhibit Ca2+-accumulation by plasma membranes but not by the endoplasmic reticulum inhibit this process by 60-70% in preparations of the isolated membrane fraction. The method has certain advantages over the previously applied methods used for isolating of plasma membrane fragments from smooth muscles.
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PMID:[Isolation and characteristics of the plasma membrane fraction from the swine myometrium]. 301 62

Four patients from two different families presented with multiple papular trichoepitheliomas of the face associated with cylindromas of the scalp and, in one of them, milium. This association, first described by Adamson, has now become classical. It is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait with variable penetrance. Histochemical studies gave the following results: ATPase negative in the two types of tumour, phosphorylase weakly positive, NADH diaphorase positive in the basal cells of the trichoepitheliomas and diffusely in cylindromas. These results suggest that the cylindromas are of apocrine origin. Using monoclonal antibodies, it has been possible to demonstrate the presence of Langerhans cells in both trichoepitheliomas and cylindromas. The BL9 and KL3 antikeratinocyte monoclonal antibodies were negative, whereas the KL3 antibody, which recognizes the 55-57 Kd polypeptides of keratin, marked the suprabasal part of the tumours. These results are in favour of incomplete cell differentiation. Treatment with retinoids was ineffective, as in all other cases reported. Electrocoagulation or surgical excision om request for cosmetic reasons seem to be only possible treatments.
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PMID:[Multiple trichoepitheliomas, cylindromas and milia. An entity]. 303 26

We report a method for the isolation of enriched fractions of intact Golgi apparatus from neurons of 10- to 12-day-old rat brains. Neurons were prepared according to a modified method of Farooq and Norton [J. Neurochem. 31, 887-894 (1978)]. Golgi-enriched fractions were obtained after centrifugation of postmitochondrial supernatants in a discontinuous sucrose gradient. Golgi fractions 1 and 2, recovered at the interfaces of 28-34% and 34-36% sucrose densities, respectively, were examined with morphometric and enzymatic methods. Morphometric analyses showed that 21-34% of fraction 1 and 11-29% of fraction 2 consisted of intact Golgi apparatus. Lysosomes, mitochondria, ribosomes, and rough endoplasmic reticulum contaminated fraction 1 (6-10%) and fraction 2 (14-26%). Golgi fraction 1 showed a 25- to 65-fold enrichment over neurons of UDP Gal:GlcNAc galactosyltransferase, CMP-sialic acid:lactosylceramide sialyltransferase, and PAPS:cerebroside sulfotransferase activities. Golgi fraction 2 showed a 8- to 23-fold enrichment over neurons of the activities of the above glycolipid- and glycoprotein-synthesizing enzymes. The activities of the possible marker enzymes rotenone-insensitive NADH-cytochrome c reductase, succinate-cytochrome c reductase, and arylsulfatase were low or minimally elevated in the Golgi fractions. A sevenfold enrichment of Na+, K+-ATPase activities was found in the Golgi fractions. This is consistent either with significant plasma membrane contamination or with the presence of this enzyme in the neuronal Golgi apparatus.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of an enriched Golgi fraction from neurons of developing rat brains. 400 71

The growing mycelia of Trichoderma reesei Rut-C30 are richly endowed with endoplasmic reticula and a variety of pleomorphic subcellular bodies. Mycelia of the culture growing in presence of avicel pH101 was fractionated in sucrose density gradients, and several morphologically and biochemically distinct fractions were isolated. Mycelia were homogenized in a Bead Beater, and the homogenate was freed of nucleus and wall fragments by low-speed centrifugation before fractionation. Organelle-free cytosol, which did not penetrate the gradient, contained (of the total) 72% of the vanadate-sensitive ATPase, 26% of carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase), 2% of cytochrome c reductase, and 13% of the protein. Significant fractions separated on a gradient were light vesicles containing heavily stained material inside and ribosomes attached to the outside surface, intact vesicles resembling condensing vacuoles, large vesicles derived from the plasma membrane, and heavy vesicles containing crystalline material. The light-vesicle fraction contained a large portion of the cell-bound CMCase activity. The particle-bound ATPase and cytochrome c reductase activities were concentrated in heavy fractions. The fractionation in the presence of MgCl2 improved the preservation of subcellular bodies derived from the endoplasmic reticula. Although the CMCase activity of the light-vesicle fraction was 4 times higher than the activity in the heavy-vesicle fraction, the CMCase antibody-binding capacities of both fractions were about the same. This discrepancy between the catalytic activity and the antibody-binding capacity suggests that the heavy vesicles might have contained considerable amount of inactive CMCase compared with that present in the light vesicles.
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PMID:Subcellular fractionation of a hypercellulolytic mutant, Trichoderma reesei Rut-C30: localization of endoglucanase in microsomal fraction. 409 50

The energy-transducing, Mg-Ca activated ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.3) of E. coli is located on the inner surface of the cytoplasmic membrane. Antibody to purified ATPase has now been used to demonstrate that membrane vesicles as ordinarily prepared by the lysozyme-EDTA method consist of two distinct populations. About half the vesicles are everted, and thus readily agglutinated by antibody to ATPase, while half are right-side out. NADH oxidase (reduced NAD:O(2) oxidoreductase EC 1.6.99.3) activity is associated almost entirely with everted vesicles, while the ability to concentrate proline is a property of the right-side out vesicles. The results explain the failure of previous workers to observe the energization of membrane vesicles by oxidation of NADH.
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PMID:Heterogeneity of membrane vesicles from Escherichia coli and their subfractionation with antibody to ATPase. 415 73


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