Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.6.99.3 (diaphorase)
 5,903 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Centrifugation of homogenates of bovine retinas to isopycnic equilibrium in sucrose density gradients yielded three partially overlapping bands of particles which were, in the order of increasing density: (a) photoreceptor cell (rod) outer segments; (b) plasma membranes, lysosomes, and large fragments of endoplasmic reticulum; and (c) mitochondria. The only enzyme activity investigated which had a peak coinciding only with outer segment fractions was guanylate cyclase. Enzyme activities with peaks in both the outer segment and denser fractions included 5'-nucleotidase and cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase. Enzyme activities with peaks only in the denser fractions included sodium and potassium ion-activated ATPase ((Na+ + K+)-ATPase), adenylate cyclase, cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase, beta-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, and succinate-dependent cytochrome c reductase. These results suggest that some of the activities once thought to be present in rod outer segments are actually present in particles from elsewhere in the retina which contaminate rod outer segment preparations.
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PMID:Distribution of enzyme activities in subcellular fractions of bovine retina. 0 65

Neuromuscular biopsies were obtained from 45 myasthenic patients. Motor innervation was studied in all specimens by vital staining with methylene blue. Quantitative data included the proportion of elongated motor endings, and the terminal innervation ratio (TIR) of motor axons. Quantitative histochemical data, obtained on 12 biopsies, included the atrophy factors of type I and II fibers, the I/II ratio, and the proportion of fibers strongly reacting to both ATPase and NADH diaphorase (type III fibers). Statistical analysis of the data led to the following conclusions: (1) elongated motor endings, found in 26 biopsies, were not related to denervation or to the severity of the disease, and were preferentially observed in younger patients; (2) increased TIR suggesting denervation was observed in 7 biopsies, only in patients over 50 years; and (3) various histochemical changes were found, mainly numeric reduction of type II fibers, having no demonstrable relationship with the incidence of elongated motor endings. The highest TIR was observed in a biopsy containing an increased proportion of type III and intermediate muscle fibers.
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PMID:Morphological and histochemical changes of motor units in myasthenia. 6 Aug 96

The case of a 35 years-old man, with chronic proximal muscle atrophy in which at the muscle biopsy tubular aggregates were found by histochemistry procedures is reported. The tubular aggregates stained positive with the modified Gomori trichrome, haematoxylin-eosin, DPNH-diaphorase, non specific esterases, phosphorylase, P.A.S., oil red O and lactate dehydrogenase. They did not show in the routine and acid pre-incubated ATPase, acid and alkaline phosphatases and succinate dehydrogenase. Only found in type II fibers. A brief discussion about the pathogenesis and function of the tubular aggregates is made. The authors believe that the tubular aggregates in this case are secondary to prolonged use of phenobarbital and diphenylhydantoin, associated with the basic denervation process and alcohol abuse.
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PMID:[Tubular aggregates in a case of chronic proximal spinal atrophy]. 8 34

The cerebral thrombosis of the rat with 35 micrometer labeled microspheres gives infarcted areas easily seen. After 15 min, in these areas, there is no change in NADH diaphorase-, succinic-dehydrogenase-, mono-amino-oxidase-, glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase-, isocitric dehydrogenase-, lactic-dehydrogenase-, ATPase, alpha galactosidase-, acid phospatase activity. After 2, 4, 6 h all these activities diminish in the neuropil but they are preserved in the neurones for diaphorase, succinic-dehydrogenase and mono-amino-oxidase. The margin of infarcted areas shows a strong staining for acid phosphatase. Before 2 h there is not enzymatic changes neither oedema. This experimental model seems trustly and could be developped.
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PMID:[Brain rat histoenzymological changes induced by microsphere injection during ischemia (author's transl)]. 11 18

The non-ionic detergent octyl glucoside solubilizes a substantial amount of Streptococcus faecalis membrane protein without loss of the monitored enzyme activities. A secondary detergent, dioctanoyl phophatidycholine, appears to increase the yield of solubilized material. In addition, the effect of ionic strength indicates that it may be possible to selectively extract groups of membrane proteins by their characteristic solubility at different ionic strengths. The solubilized membrane-associated enzymes, ATPase and NADH dehydrogenase, enter polyacrylamide gels as distict species. Electrophoretic studies suggest that there are two membrane-associated ATPase in the Streptococcus faecalis, one which dissociates from the membrane in the absence of Mg-2+ ions and the other which remains particulate until solubilized by detergents. Octyl glucoside can be easily removed from a solution containing solubilized proteins and lipid by dialysis.
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PMID:Solubilization of bacterial membrane proteins using alkyl glucosides and dioctanoyl phosphatidylcholine. 12 71

The influence of the mode of preparation upon some of the characteristics of white adipose tissue plasma membranes and microsomes has been reported. Plasma membrane fractions prepared from mitochondrial pellet were shown to have higher specific activities of (Mg2+ + Na+ + K+)-ATPase than plasma membranes originating in crude microsomes. Isolation of fat cells by collagenase treatment was found to result in a decrease in specific activity of the plasma membrane enzymes; in plasma membranes prepared from isolated fat cells, the specific activity values obtained for (Mg2+ + Na+ +k+)-ATPase and 5'-nucleotidase were only 42% and 6.3% respectively of those obtained in plasma membranes prepared from whole adipose tissue. Purification of whole adipose tissue crude microsomes by hypotonic treatment caused extensive solubilization of the endoplasmic reticulum marker enzymes, NADH oxidase and NADPH cytochrome c reductase. The lability of endoplasmic reticulum marker enzymes, however, was found to be greatly diminished in the preparations from isolated fat cells. The possibility that NADH oxidase and NADPH cytochrome c reductase activities found in the plasma membranes are microsomal enzymes adsorbed by the plasma membranes is discussed. The peptide patterns as well as the NADH oxidase and NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity patterns of plasma membranes and purified microsomes were compared by means of sodium dodecyl sulfate or Triton X-100 polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
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PMID:Comparison of plasma membranes and endoplasmic reticulum fractions obtained from whole white adipose tissue and isolated adipocytes. 12 89

By crossed immunoelectrophoresis with membrane antiserum, 17 antigens have been detected in fractions from plasma membranes of M. lysodeikticus solubilized with Triton X-100. Absorption tests with protoplasts have demonstrated that eight of the antigens are expressed on the surface. Of these antigens the major one has been identified as a succinylated mannan. Five of the principal immunoprecipitates unaffected by absorption with protoplasts were shown by zymograms to possess the following enzymic activites: succinate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.1), ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3), NADH dehyrogenase (EC 1.6.99.3)(two separate components), and malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37). These enzymes or enzyme-complexes are, therefore, not expressed on the outer surface of the protoplast membrane.
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PMID:Antigenic and enzymatic architecture of Micrococcus lysodeikticus membranes established by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. 12 77

A new procedure for the isolation of membrane vesicles from Acholeplasma laidlawii cells is described. The membrane vesicles are completely free from contaminations of whole cells and cell debris and represent a homogeneous fraction as shown by electron microscopy, Ficoll density-gradient centrifugation, and titration on agar plate. Absence of cytoplasmic contaminations was confirmed by double-labelling of membranes with 3H-oleic acid and 14C-uridine, as well as by distribution of specific marker enzymes of membranes and cytoplasm. On the basis of light-scattering and electron microscopy, the vesicular nature of these membranes was established. The vesicles had the same orientation as intact cells (absence on membrane vesicles of ATPase and NADH dehydrogenase activities, localized in the inner surface of membrane). The respiratory activity of the membrane vesicles was low and was not stimulated by exogenous substrates, the respiratory chain of the vesicles being reduced and terminated by flavoproteins. The ability of membrane vesicles to take up carbohydrates was shown.
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PMID:Transport properties of membrane vesicles from Acholeplasma laidlawii. I. Isolation and general characteristics. 12 39

1. The interaction of a variety of fluorescent probes with the membranes of adrenal medullary chromaffin granules is described. 2. Changes in the motional properties of the bound probes with temperature were investigated and evidence is presented which indicates that ordering of the membrane lipids occurs below 33 degrees C. 3. The ordering is characteristics of the membrane lipids and is retained by sonicated aqueous dispersions of the total lipid extracted from chromaffin granule membranes. 4. The ATPase and NADH:acceptor oxidoreductase activities of the chromaffin granule membrane have discontinuous Arrhenius temperature versus activity relationships with 'transitions' at 33 degrees C. 5. The ATPase has a second transition at 36.5 degrees C. 6. The 33 degrees C 'transition' for the NADH:acceptor oxidoreductase is removed by treatment with the detergent Triton X-100. 7. The correlation between the onset of lipid ordering and the change in activation energy of the membrane-bound enzyme activities is discussed in terms of the co-operative interactions of the different membrane components. The possible role of lipid ordering in exocytosis is discussed.
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PMID:Lipid ordering and enzymic activities in chromaffin granule membranes. 13 88

Four cytoplasmic mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae showing loss of mitochondrial rutamycin-sensitive ATPase activity but having significant cytochrome oxidase and NADH-cytochrome c reductase have been isolated. Genetic studies indicate the mutations to be closely linked to each other and have been assigned to a new locus, PHO1. The mutations show a low frequency of recombination with the OL12 locus, suggesting a linkage to this marker. They are not, however, linked to the OLI1 locus. Linkage of the ATPase mutations to the OLI2 locus is also indicated by restoration of wild-type diploids by sigma- clones that retain the segment of mitochondrial DNA carrying OLI2. Based on the recombinants issued from crosses of the mutants with a triple drug-resistant strain and an analysis of the resistance markers present in sigma- clones that are effective in restoring a wild-type phenotype, the PHO1 locus has been placed in the segment of DNA located between PAR1 and OLI2.
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PMID:Localization on mitochondrial DNA of mutations leading to a loss of rutamycin-sensitive adenosine triphosphatase. 13 92


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