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Query: EC:1.6.99.3 (diaphorase)
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In the adult human telencephalon, subcortical (gyral) white matter contains a special population of interstitial neurons considered to be surviving descendants of fetal subplate neurons [Kostovic & Rakic (1980) Cytology and the time of origin of interstitial neurons in the white matter in infant and adult human and monkey telencephalon. J Neurocytol9, 219]. We designate this population of cells as superficial (gyral) interstitial neurons and describe their morphology and distribution in the postnatal and adult human cerebrum. Human fetal subplate neurons cannot be regarded as interstitial, because the subplate zone is an essential part of the fetal cortex, the major site of synaptogenesis and the 'waiting' compartment for growing cortical afferents, and contains both projection neurons and interneurons with distinct input-output connectivity. However, although the subplate zone is a transient fetal structure, many subplate neurons survive postnatally as superficial (gyral) interstitial neurons. The fetal white matter is represented by the intermediate zone and well-defined deep periventricular tracts of growing axons, such as the corpus callosum, anterior commissure, internal and external capsule, and the fountainhead of the corona radiata. These tracts gradually occupy the territory of transient fetal subventricular and ventricular zones.The human fetal white matter also contains distinct populations of deep fetal interstitial neurons, which, by virtue of their location, morphology, molecular phenotypes and advanced level of dendritic maturation, remain distinct from subplate neurons and neurons in adjacent structures (e.g. basal ganglia, basal forebrain). We describe the morphological, histochemical (nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase) and immunocytochemical (neuron-specific nuclear protein, microtubule-associated protein-2, calbindin, calretinin, neuropeptide Y) features of both deep fetal interstitial neurons and deep (periventricular) interstitial neurons in the postnatal and adult deep cerebral white matter (i.e. corpus callosum, anterior commissure, internal and external capsule and the corona radiata/centrum semiovale). Although these deep interstitial neurons are poorly developed or absent in the brains of rodents, they represent a prominent feature of the significantly enlarged white matter of human and non-human primate brains.
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PMID:Populations of subplate and interstitial neurons in fetal and adult human telencephalon. 2097 86

The complex neuroanatomical connections of the inferior colliculus (IC) and its major subdivisions offer a juxtaposition of segregated processing streams with distinct organizational features. While the tonotopically layered central nucleus is well-documented, less is known about functional compartments in the neighboring lateral cortex (LCIC). In addition to a laminar framework, LCIC afferent-efferent patterns suggest a multimodal mosaic, consisting of a patchy modular network with surrounding extramodular domains. This study utilizes several neurochemical markers that reveal an emerging LCIC modular-extramodular microarchitecture. In newborn and post-hearing C57BL/6J and CBA/CaJ mice, histochemical and immunocytochemical stains were performed for acetylcholinesterase (AChE), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), cytochrome oxidase (CO), and calretinin (CR). Discontinuous layer 2 modules are positive for AChE, NADPH-d, GAD, and CO throughout the rostrocaudal LCIC. While not readily apparent at birth, discrete cell clusters emerge over the first postnatal week, yielding an identifiable modular network prior to hearing onset. Modular boundaries continue to become increasingly distinct with age, as surrounding extramodular fields remain largely negative for each marker. Alignment of modular markers in serial sections suggests each highlight the same periodic patchy network throughout the nascent LCIC. In contrast, CR patterns appear complementary, preferentially staining extramodular LCIC zones. Double-labeling experiments confirm that NADPH-d, the most consistent developmental modular marker, and CR label separate, nonoverlapping LCIC compartments. Determining how this emerging modularity may align with similar LCIC patch-matrix-like Eph/ephrin guidance patterns, and how each interface with, and potentially influence developing multimodal LCIC projection configurations is discussed.
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PMID:Modular-extramodular organization in developing multisensory shell regions of the mouse inferior colliculus. 2878 2


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