Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.6.99.3 (diaphorase)
 5,903 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using the experimental model of partial hepatectomy in the rat, we have examined the relationship between cell division and lipid peroxidation activity. In rats entrained to a regime of 12 h light/12 h dark and with a fixed 8 h feeding period in the dark phase, partial hepatectomy is followed by a rapid regeneration of liver mass with cycles of synchronized cell division at 24 h intervals. The latter phenomenon is indicated in this study by pulses of thymidine kinase activity having maxima at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after partial hepatectomy. Microsomes prepared from regenerating livers show changes in lipid peroxidation activity (induced by NADPH/ADP/iron or by ascorbate/iron), which is significantly decreased relative to that in microsomes from sham-operated controls, again at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after the operation. This phenomenon has been investigated with regard to possible underlying changes in the content of microsomal fatty acids, the microsomal enzymes NADPH:cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome P-450, and the physiological microsomal antioxidant alpha-tocopherol. The cycles of decreased lipid peroxidation activity are apparently due, at least in part, to changes in microsomal alpha-tocopherol content that are closely associated in time with thymidine kinase activity.
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PMID:Studies on the hyperplasia ('regeneration') of the rat liver following partial hepatectomy. Changes in lipid peroxidation and general biochemical aspects. 210 18

Twelve x-ray-induced transcripts (xips), differentially expressed 8- to 230-fold in x-irradiated versus unirradiated radioresistant human melanoma (U1-Mel) cells, were isolated as cDNA clones (xip1 through xip12) after four rounds of differential hybridization. Northern analyses revealed rare, medium, and abundant xips, ranging in size from 1.2 to 10 kb. All transcripts were transiently expressed and induced by low, but not by high (> 600 cGy), doses of radiation. Three transcripts (xip4, -7, and -12) were induced only by ionizing radiation, and many (i.e., xip1, -2, -3, -5, -6, -8, -9, -10, and -11) were also induced by UV irradiation or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Heat shock did not induce any of the xips, but it decreased basal levels of xip4, -7, -11, and -12. Three xip cDNA clones were identified as encoding thymidine kinase, DT diaphorase, and tissue-type plasminogen activator. The remaining nine cDNA clones showed little homology to known genes. Three clones contained regions homologous to c-fes/fps protooncogene, recombination activating gene 1, or the human angiogenesis factor gene. X-ray-inducible genes may function in damaged cells to regulate DNA repair, apoptosis, mutagenesis, and carcinogenesis.
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PMID:Isolation of x-ray-inducible transcripts from radioresistant human melanoma cells. 834 36

The suitability of non-replicating thymidine kinase deficient herpes simplex virus type 1 expressing bacterial beta-galactosidase (tk-lacZ HSV-1) as a transfer vehicle into sympathetic preganglionic neurons in vivo was assessed. Many sympathoadrenal preganglionic neurons (451 +/- 105) with normal morphology were identified using beta-galactosidase histochemistry two days after inoculation of tk-lacZ HSV-1 into the adrenal gland of hamsters. Beta-galactosidase activity co-localized with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase-positive sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the nucleus intermediolateralus, pars principalis. The maximal number of beta-galactosidase expressing neurons was found two days post-inoculation but this number dropped dramatically after this time. An inflammatory infiltrate was abundant around infected neurons and in the white matter at five days and infected neurons appeared morphologically abnormal. At 26 days, the infiltrate was still present but no infected sympathoadrenal preganglionic neurons were detected. Approximately 25% fewer nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase-positive neurons in the nucleus intermediolateralis, pars principalis were counted ipsilaterally than contralaterally in animals infected for 14, 21 or 26 days with tk-lacZ HSV-1, compared to the 3% difference in animals mock-infected for 26 days. Approximately 33% of the estimated number of sympathoadrenal preganglionic neurons infected with tk-lacZ HSV-1 at five days were apoptotic or necrotic. About 60% of neurons infected with tk-lacZ HSV-1 at two days no longer expressed nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase at 14-26 days. In conclusion, the non-replicating thymidine kinase deficient HSV-1 was efficiently retrogradely transported from the adrenal gland to infect sympathoadrenal preganglionic neurons. These gene transfer experiments using tk-lacZ HSV-1 suggest that foreign gene expression in sympathetic preganglionic neurons in vivo may be maximal two days after inoculation when beta-galactosidase was expressed in the greatest number of sympathetic preganglionic neurons. After two days, fewer neurons expressed beta-galactosidase and the presence of tk-lacZ HSV-1 appeared to be altering protein expression in sympathetic preganglionic neurons and/or leading to the demise of the infected neuron.
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PMID:Gene transfer into sympathetic preganglionic neurons in vivo using a non-replicating thymidine kinase-deficient herpes simplex virus type 1. 927 1