Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.6.99.3 (diaphorase)
 5,903 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Female albino rats were treated with a total of 28 mg of chlormadinone acetate (CMA) for 28 days. In the adrenal cortex, the ovary, the vagina, and the uterus the activities of 3-beta-ol-steroiddehydrogenase, of dl-beta-OH-butric acid dehydrogenase, of alcaline and acid phosphatases, of DPN-diaphorase, of ATP-ase, and of non-specific esterases do not differ from untreated controls. 2. In the external muscle layer of the myometrium strong cholinesterase (ChE) activity was induced by C.M.A. A corresponding high ChE activity is normally found in immature rats or in estrus. 3. Furthermore, by treatment with CMA, ChE activity was induced in the tubular glands of the endometrium. This activity is found in the small parts of glomerate glandular terminals only but not in the rest of the glandular epithelium, nor in the epithelium of the cavum. It could be demonstrated that a corresponding ChE activity normally appears in the second third of pregnancy. The ChE activity induced by CMA was considerably higher and more widespread than during normal pregnancy. 4. It is concluded that in the endometrial glands a development similar to pregnancy is initiated by CMA. But development stops at the stage of ChE activity, thus leading to accumulation of ChE active cells.
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PMID:[Enzyme histochemical studies on the rat adrenal cortex, ovary, uterus and vagina following chlormadinone acetate administration, especially cholinesterase activity in myometrium and endometrium]. 5 Feb 31

Damaged epidermal cells present in psoriatic lesions were investigated using histochemical and histomorphological methods including ultrathick sections. In early lesions these cells were found throughout the epidermis, being particularly numerous in the upper part of the latter and around the adnexa. In a later developmental stage the damage to the keratinocytes in the suprapapillary region was found to precede the damage to the basement membrane. These findings, together with the difference between the damaged keratinocytes lining the ascending side and the venous limb of the papilla respectively with regard to degree of severity of the damage, suggest that blood stasis is the cause of the regressive changes in the suprapapillary epidermis. The enzymatic activity of non-specific esterases and acid phosphatases was increased and that of succindehydrogenases and DPN-diaphorase was decreased in damage keratinocytes. The significance of these findings in relation to the genesis and development of psoriasis is discussed. The view is expressed that there is a causal relationship between damage to the epidermal cells and proliferation of epidermis.
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PMID:The nature and role of epidermal regressive changes in the development of the psoriatic lesion. 8 68

A histochemical study of the metabolism of rat renal arteries and arterioles. Rat renal arteries and arterioles were examined histochemically to determine their metabolic profiles. Succinate, malate and NAD-isocitrate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase and ubiquinone were assessed to determine aerobic metabolism. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and DPN diaphorase were evaluated to determine hexose-monophosphate-shunt activity. Anaerobic metabolism was evaluated via lactate dehydrogenase, and the substrate, glycogen. Gomori's lipase, beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and amounts of neutral fat and free fatty acids were assessed as indicators of lipid utilization. Myosin ATPase activity was evaluated as an index of ATP utilization for contraction. Deoxyribonucleic and ribonucleic acids were appraised as indicators of protein synthesis. In general, the oxidative enzymes and myosin ATPase demonstrate considerable activity in renal arteries and arterioles which suggests aerobic metabolism and ATP usage. Renal arteries and arterioles also appear capable of anaerobic metabolism as indicated by strong lactate dehydrogenase reactivity and by the presence of slight to moderate quantities of glycogen, while high levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and moderate amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid suggest a potential for beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, minimal lipase activity, and the absence of fatty acids with substantial amounts of neutral fat, indicate limited lipid catabolism.
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PMID:A histochemical study of the metabolism of rat renal arteries and arterioles. 620 11

Histochemical studies have been made of the isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, DPN diaphorase, TPN diaphorase, delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and monoamine oxidase in the caput, corpus and cauda epididymides of normal and alpha chlorohydrin (6.5 mg/kg/9 days) treated rats. Administration of alpha chlorohydrin in a low dose caused a conspicuous decrease in all these enzymes except delta 5-3 beta-HSD, in various cell types of epididymal epithelium and sperms. Biochemical estimations of isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and delta 5-3 beta-HSD have further supported and confirmed these histochemical observations. These changes in enzyme activities after treatment with low dose of alpha chlorohydrin strongly suggest that TCA cycle and amino acid metabolism of epididymis become defective, much earlier before any histological damage to the epididymis becomes visible.
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PMID:Effects of low doses of alpha chlorohydrin on the dehydrogenases and oxidases of rat epididymal epithelium and sperms: a correlative histochemical and biochemical study. 694 44

There are many factors which affect the end result of nerve suture. Clinically it is said tht rotation of the stumps at suture site has an unfavorable effect upon functional recovery, owing to discrepancies of funicular patterns and inappropriate funicular approximation. In order to evaluate the effect of rotation of the stumps at suture sites, tibial nerves of thirty-three full grown rabbits were used. After the tibial nerve was cut at a point three cm proximal to the popliteal fossa, in one group (20 rabbits) the nerve was sutured without rotation (0 degrees group) and in another group (19 rabbits) with 180 degrees rotation of the proximal stump (180 degrees groups), using epineural technique under operating microscope. Six months later return of nerve function was evaluated electrophysiologically and histologically. Electrophysiological measurements included electromyography, motor conduction velocity and muscle strength stimulating proximal stump. Histological evaluation following weighing included H-E stain, DPN diaphorase stain for muscle and Cajal stain for axon. There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to the passage rate of axons at the suture site, motor conduction velocity or recovery rate of muscle weight. But muscle strength of the plantaris in the 180 degrees group was significantly weaker than that of 0 degrees group, and in the 180 degrees group, recovery rate of muscle strength was lower than that of muscle weight, though they were the same in the 0 degrees group. Histochemically there was marked fibre type grouping of the reinnervated muscle in both groups. The author concluded that in the rabbits, the rotation of nerve stumps at suture site does not affect the passage rate of axons at the suture site nor maturation of the axon. However, it does impose unfavorable influence upon functional recovery. Further problems may arise for the recovery of complex functions when reconstitution of proprioceptive feed-back system is considered.
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PMID:[An experimental study on the functional recovery of denervated muscles--effects of stump rotation in nerve suture (author's transl)]. 702 43

The present investigation concerning the histochemical demonstration of DPN diaphorase follows the development of a new reagent, Nitro-BT, which has already been used successfully for the cytochemical localization of the succinic dehydrogenase system. The most consistently favorable results were obtained with the lactate-lactic dehydrogenase system buffered at pH 7.4. Using sections of rat kidney and stomach, it was found that the intensity of stain was optimal after 15 minutes incubation at 37 degrees C., conducted aerobically. By appropriate variations in the substrate mixture it was possible to selectively demonstrate the histochemical distribution of certain DPN-linked dehydrogenases in addition to DPN diaphorase. This was made possible by the special distribution of some of these dehydrogenases which distinguished them from one another. Of the dehydrogenases studied the distribution pattern of beta-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase was the most singular. In the gastric mucosa beta-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase was restricted to the cells of the mucous lining epithelium and the gland necks; and in the kidney the enzyme was limited to the cells of the proximal convoluted tubule and thick limbs of Henle's loop. In contrast, lactic dehydrogenase like DPN diaphorase was demonstrable in almost all cytologic elements of both the stomach and the kidney.
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PMID:A histochemical method for the demonstration of diphosphopyridine nucleotide diaphorase. 1350 25

A histochemical method is described for the localization of triphosphopyridine nucleotide diaphorase using a recently synthesized tetrazolium salt (Nitro-BT). By virtue of the favorable histochemical properties of this reagent, it has been possible to demonstrate that whereas DPN diaphorase is usually restricted to the mitochondria, the TPN diaphorase activity of corresponding cells was distributed throughout the cytoplasm in granules too fine to be considered mitochondria. Furthermore, although the diaphorase alone is responsible for the passage of electrons from TPNH to the tetrazole, it has been found that sites of activity of different TPN-linked dehydrogenases can be visualized in tissue sections, and characteristic loci for each enzyme may be observed. For example, whereas TPN diaphorase and isocitric dehydrogenase have an extensive distribution in the kidney cortex, 6-phosphogluconic dehydrogenase is limited to the cells of the macula densa.
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PMID:The histochemical localization of triphosphopyridine nucleotide diaphorase. 1356 53

The effect of environmental ion concentration on the enzyme activity of astrocytes was investigated in tissue cultures of rat cerebral cortex. It was found that the oxidative enzymatic activity (succinic dehydrogenase, DPN-diaphorase, and several other enzymes) of astrocytes depended on the concentration of NaCl in the environment. This response was not specific for NaCl, but was also elicited by MgCl(2) and LiCl; the response was less consistent, and often questionable for KCl. However, only NaCl could elicit enzymatic changes in astrocytes at concentrations known to be present in a living organism. Astrocytes were the only cells which responded this way; it appeared that the foot-plates were particularly involved in the response since increase of enzyme activity occurred earlier in the foot-plates than in the perikarya. It was concluded that astrocytes are metabolically involved in the maintenance of the ionic and osmotic environment of the central nervous system, particularly in regard to the active transport of sodium.
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PMID:THE ENZYMATIC RESPONSE OF ASTROCYTES TO VARIOUS IONS IN VITRO. 1410 17