Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.6.99.3 (diaphorase)
 5,903 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present study investigated the hypothalamic gene expressions regulated by glucocorticoids (GC), key hormones in energy homeostasis. Using the serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) method, we studied the effects of adrenalectomy (ADX) and GC on the transcriptomes of mouse hypothalamus. Approximately 180,000 SAGE tags, which correspond to 50,000 tag species, were isolated from each group of intact or adrenalectomized mice as well as 1, 3, and 24 h after GC injection. ADX upregulated diazepam binding inhibitor gene expression while downregulating vomeronasal 1 receptor D4, genes involved in mitochondrial phosphorylation (cytochrome-c oxidase 1 and NADH dehydrogenase 3), 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1, and prostaglandin D2 synthase. GC increased the gene expression levels of dehydrogenase/reductase member 3, prostaglandin D2 synthase, solute carrier family 4 member 4, and five cytoskeletal proteins including myosin light chain phosphorylatable fast and troponin C2 fast. On the other hand, GC reduced the mRNA levels of calmodulin 1 and expressed sequence tag similar to calmodulin 2, ATP synthase F0 subunit 6, and solute carrier family 4 member 3. Moreover, 7 uncharacterized and 43 novel transcripts were modulated by ADX and GC. The present study has identified genes that may regulate hypothalamic systems governing energy balance in response to ADX and GC.
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PMID:Regulation of hypothalamic gene expression by glucocorticoid: implications for energy homeostasis. 1636 73

The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), is a worldwide pest of cruciferous crops and can rapidly develop resistance to many chemical insecticides. Although insecticidal crystal proteins (i.e., Cry and Cyt toxins) derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been useful alternatives to chemical insecticides for the control of P. xylostella, resistance to Bt in field populations of P. xylostella has already been reported. A better understanding of the resistance mechanisms to Bt should be valuable in delaying resistance development. In this study, the mechanisms underlying P. xylostella resistance to Bt Cry1Ac toxin were investigated using two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and ligand blotting for the first time. Comparative analyses of the constitutive expression of midgut proteins in Cry1Ac-susceptible and -resistant P. xylostella larvae revealed 31 differentially expressed proteins, 21 of which were identified by mass spectrometry. Of these identified proteins, the following fell into diverse eukaryotic orthologous group (KOG) subcategories may be involved in Cry1Ac resistance in P. xylostella: ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter subfamily G member 4 (ABCG4), trypsin, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), vacuolar H(+)-ATPase, actin, glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor attachment 1 protein (GAA1) and solute carrier family 30 member 1 (SLC30A1). Additionally, ligand blotting identified the following midgut proteins as Cry1Ac-binding proteins in Cry1Ac-susceptible P. xylostella larvae: ABC transporter subfamily C member 1 (ABCC1), solute carrier family 36 member 1 (SLC36A1), NADH dehydrogenase iron-sulfur protein 3 (NDUFS3), prohibitin and Rap1 GTPase-activating protein 1. Collectively, these proteomic results increase our understanding of the molecular resistance mechanisms to Bt Cry1Ac toxin in P. xylostella and also demonstrate that resistance to Bt Cry1Ac toxin is complex and multifaceted.
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PMID:Proteomics-based identification of midgut proteins correlated with Cry1Ac resistance in Plutella xylostella (L.). 2752 21

Within-litter uniformity in pigs is a major factor affecting piglet survival and growth performance. We know that Meishan (MS) gilts have higher piglet survival rate than Large White (LW) gilts because their foetal weight is less varied. To understand the molecular basis for placental nutritional transport during the late stages of gestation in LW and MS, we employed the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) method to investigate alterations in the placental proteomes of LW and MS gilts on gestational day 90. Investigation of foetal weight at different uterine positions revealed that the foetal and placental weights as well as the foetal concentration of glucose were significantly higher in LW gilts positioned towards the utero-tubal junction than in those positioned toward the cervix; however, no such differences were observed in MS gilts, and MS gilts had a greater uniformity in foetal weight on day 90 of gestation. Comparisons of the proteomes between placentas positioned toward the cervix and those positioned toward the utero-tubal junction identified 38 differentially expressed proteins in the two breeds. These proteins play a central role in nutrient transport and metabolism, as well as in transcriptional and translational regulation. Of particular interest is the finding that the placentas of LW gilts showed 14 differential expression of proteins mainly related to lipid transport and energy metabolism (including solute carrier family 27, mitochondrial trifunctional protein, and NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2), but only 2 proteins in MS gilts. In contrast, the differentially expressed proteins in MS gilts were primarily involved in transcriptional and translational regulation (such as ribosome-sec61 and 40S ribosomal protein S23), with a few related to glucose and coenzyme transport and metabolism (including glucose transport protein and ferrochelatase). Our results revealed that placental lipid and energy metabolism might play a crucial role in the regulation of foetal weight, based on uterine position in two distinct pig breeds. These findings provide a deeper understanding of placental efficiency that can be utilized to provide a new method to enhance the efficiency of livestock production.
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PMID:Detection of Placental Proteomes at Different Uterine Positions in Large White and Meishan Gilts on Gestational Day 90. 2793 87