Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.6.99.3 (diaphorase)
 5,903 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of ionic strength and pH on the release of some enzymes of the matrix of peroxisomes in rat's liver was studied. Catalase, L ALpha-hydroxy acid oxidase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase were easily released from the particles during their lysis and treatment with 0.16 M KCl, whereas urate oxidase, NADH cytochrome c reductase and D-amino acid oxidase were not solubilized. After the solubilization of peroxisomal membrane by 0.2% Triton X-100, the remaining core contained about 50% amino acid oxidase activity, and had 1.28--1.30 g/cm3 density. These results suggest that D-amino acid oxidase associates with urate oxidase in the peroxisomal core.
 ...
PMID:[Enzymologic study of the structural organization of the matrix or rat liver peroxisomes]. 2 68

The properties of electron transport systems present in soluble and particulate fractions of spores of Bacillus megaterium KM?HAVE BEEN COMPARED WIth those of similar fractions prepared from exponential-phase vegetative cells of this organism. The timing and localization of modifications of the electron transport system occurring during sporulation have been investigated by using a system for separating forespores from mother cells at all stages during development [8]. Spore membranes contained cytochromes a + a3, and o at lower concentrations than in vegetative membranes, and in addition cytochrome c, which was not found in exponential-phase vegetative membranes. An NADH oxidase activity of similar specific activity was found in both spore and vegetative membranes but DL-glycerol 3-phosphate and L-malate oxidase activities were found only in vegetative membranes. A soluble NADH oxidase of low specific activity was found in spores and vegetative cells which probably involves a flavoprotein reaction with oxygen because the activity was stimulated by FAD or FMN and difference spectra of concentrated soluble fractions showed spectra typical of a flavoprotein. Particulate NADH oxidase was sensitive to all classical inhibitors of electron transport tested whereas soluble NADH oxidase was insensitive to many of these inhibitors. Cytochrome c was formed between stage I and II of sporulation and this coincided with a five-fold increase in NADH-cytochrome c reductase activity. Forespore membranes had lower contents of cytochromes than sporangial cell membranes but similar levels of NADH and L-malate oxidases; DL-glycerol 3-phosphate oxidase activity could not be detected in either membranes by stage III of sporulation. This characterization of spore electron transport systems provides a basis for suggestions concerning initial metabolic events during spore germination and the effect of a number of germination inhibitors.
 ...
PMID:Morphogenesis of the membrane-bound electron-transport system in sporulating Bacillus megaterium KM. 12 54

The response of rat gastrocnemius muscle fibers to chronic streptozotocindiabetes was studied. Transverse sections of this muscle from normal and diabetic rats were histochemically assayed for reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide-diaphorase, myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase, mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase activities. Cross-sectional areas of the fiber types were measured, and fiber capillarization and populations estimated. Chemically-induced diabetes appeared to have little effect on the metabolic or morphological properties of slow-twitch fibers. However, a general dedifferentiation occurred in the 2 fast-twitch fiber populations. There was a loss of oxidative potential in the fast-twitch-oxidative-glycolytic fibers, and a significant decrease in size in the fast-twitch-glycolytic fibers. No change in the proportions of slow- and fast-twitch fibers in the muscles of diabetic rats occurred. It is concluded that hypoinsulinism has differential effects on the 3 fiber types in heterogeneous rat skeletal muscle, and that slow-twitch fibers are least affected by the diabetic condition.
 ...
PMID:Histochemical properties of skeletal muscle fibers in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. 12 6

The differentiation of fibre types in developing human skeletal muscle was studied. The material consisted of muscle samples from different muscles of 86 foetuses (abortions) between 12 weeks gestation and delivery and 50 children 1 day to 7 years old. The latter samples were obtained at surgery. Histochemical stains for myofibrillar ATPase were made after preincubations at pH 4.3, 4.6 and 10.3 in order to identify the subgroups A and B of type II fibres and undifferentiated fibres (type II C). Stains for glycogen and lipids were also performed as well as for NADH-diaphorase and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. After 20 weeks gestation a few large size type I fibers could be found in some muscles, but not until after the 30th week were some type II A fibres seen. During the last 3 months of gestation a very rapid further differentiation occurred, but at delivery the differentiation process was still not completed. At birth 15-20% of the fibres were classified as undifferentiated. This picture only gradually changed with a slow increase in the number of type I, II A and II B fibres. The stains for metabolic enzymes and substrates were pale until late in foetal life when some distinction between fibre types became discernible.
 ...
PMID:Enzyme histochemistry on skeletal muscle of the human foetus. 15 51

R-1 (1450g) and R-2 (25,000g) liver fractions from T/t6 and B6CBAF1 hybrid mice were analyzed for their protein content, mitochondria concentrations, and activities of three respiratory-chain enzymes of the mitochondrial inner membrane: cytochrome c oxidase (ferrocytochrome c: oxygen oxidoreductase, E.C. 1.9.3.1.), alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase [L-glycerol-3-phosphate: (acceptor) oxidoreductase, E.C. 1.1.99.5], and succinate-cytochrome c reductase. Only cytochrome c oxidase activity, calculated as units per 10(10) mitochondria, was significantly lower in both R-1 and R-2 fractions of T/t6 mice. Cytochrome c oxidase activity varied greatly among T/t6 mice, as did their liver mitochondria concentrations and body weights. Cytochrome c oxidase activity in the R-1 fraction of T/t6 mice, averaged about 40% lower than in B6CBAF1 mice. alpha-Glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity was often elevated in T/t6 mice, particularly in the R-2 fraction. The T/t locus, a complex genetic locus on chromosome 17, may contain genes important to the function and biogenesis of mitochondria.
 ...
PMID:Cytochrome c oxidase activity in T/t6 (balanced lethal) mutant mice. 20 Feb 18

Experiments were conducted on rabbits. A study was made of the activity of the redox enzymes--glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), NAD-and NADP-diaphorases, cytochromeoxidase (CCO), alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPDH) in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus and the posterior lobe of the hypophysis under conditions of stimulation and removal of the superior cervical sympathetic ganglia. There was revealed a correlation between the activity of the tissue respiration enzymes (SDH, MDH, NAD- and NADP-diaphorase, CCO) and the functional condition of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial neurosecretory system. However, the enzymes of the pentose-phosphate (G-6-PDH) and glycerophosphate shunt (alpha-GPDH) and also of the anaerobic way of oxidation (LDH) reacted nonspecifically on the induced effects.
 ...
PMID:[Effect of removal and stimulation of the superior cervical sympathetic ganglia on the activity of oxidation-reduction enzymes in the neurosecretory cells of the anterior hypothalamus in rabbits]. 20 40

Isolated membrane fractions of Escherichia coli K-12 yielded complex immunoprecipitate patterns when Triton X-100 and sodium dodecyl sulfate extracts were examined by crossed immunoelectrophoresis with antienvelope immunoglobulins. Twelve of the 46 antigens in the immunoprecipitate patterns of inner (plasma) membranes were identified by zymograms and/or by the use of specific antisera. The following enzyme activities were detected in immunoprecipitates: 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.43); adenosine triphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.3); glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.4), two separate components; malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37); dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.3.1); succinate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.1); lactate dehydrogeanse (EC 1.1.1.27); reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase (EC 1.6.99.3); protease (EC 3.4.21.1); and glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.5). The corresponding immunoprecipitate pattern for isolated outer membranes consisted of at least 25 discrete antigens and differed strikingly from that obtained with inner membranes. Two major immunogens were identified as lipopolysaccharide and Braun lipoprotein. A protease-active immunoprecipitate was also detected in this fraction, but attempts to identify the Rosenbusch matrix protein in the crossed immunoelectrophoretic profile were unsuccessful.
 ...
PMID:Immunochemical analysis of inner and outer membranes of Escherichia coli by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. 33 83

We describe a fully enzymic method for manual and continuous-flow colorimetric assay of triacylglycerols (triglycerides) in serum. Triglycerides are enzymically hydrolyzed in 10 min by lipase and microbial esterase. The resulting free glycerol is measured enzymically by glycerol kinase and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The NADH so formed is oxidized by coupling with a tetrazolium salt/diaphorase system. The test follows Beer's law to 8 g/L, and the final color is stable for at least 1 h for serum, 15 min for aqueous triolein standards. The manual assay requires only 25 microliter of serum and few manipulations. A specific triolein standard was developed for calibrating the manual method. For the continuous-flow method, calibration is made with four concentrations of glycerol standard. The procedure is sensitive, has good precision and accuracy, and gives results that compare well with chemical and enzymic commercial kit methods.
 ...
PMID:Manual and continuous-flow colorimetry of triacylglycerols by a fully enzymic method. 75 21

The effects of intra-articular injections of non-radioactive and tritium-labelled glyceryl trioleate into the mandibular and knee joints of adult rabbits have been investigated using autoradiographic and histochemical techniques and electron microscopy. As observed at the fourth day after operation, fat droplets accumulate in cells of the fibrous, intermediate and cartilaginous layers of mandibular condylar, and in the superficial and upper middle (rather than the deeper) zones of femoral condylar cartilage. Autoradiography of frozen sections shows that numerous silver grains are located over these fat-laden cells following injection of trioleate which has been labelled in the fatty acid moiety of the molecule. In the knee joint the number of grains is directly related to the amount of lipid in the cell. Following injection of glyceryl-labelled trioleate no such result is obtained; it seems doubtful whether or not there is any uptake of this label. However, synovial membrane from the knee joint appears to take up both kinds of trioleate. Results of histochemical methods of NADH diaphorase, lactic dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and beta-glucosaminidase are consistent with ultrastructural evidence of degeneration in some chondrocytes and of loss of ground substance from the matrix. A raised level of alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity is probably associated with synthesis of endogenous glycerol for re-esterification of absorbed fatty acids, and enhanced activity of UDPglucose dehydrogenase with the chondrocytic reaction to matrix depletion. Apart from the increase in fat content, ultrastructural features in injected knee joints include flattening of cell processes against the chondrocyte surface and more abundant intracytoplasmic filaments. Injected mandibular joints show little evidence of these changes although the number of cells in the cartilage appears to be greatly reduced. No extracellular fat droplets occur in femoral cartilage, but material similar in electron density to intracellular fat is observed at the external aspect of some mandibular chondrocytes. The findings indicate that the fatty acid portion of triglyceride injected intra-articularly is taken up by the chondrocytes and retained until at least the fourth day after injection. It is suggested that prior lipolysis takes place either in the synovial cavity (or membrane) or at the chondrocyte surface, but it is uncertain how or in what form fat traverses the matrix. Lipoarthrosis appears to produce changes in the chondrocytes which are thought to be pathological; a number of cell deaths occur. The possibility that gross degeneration of the articular cartilage may ensue is subject to further investigation.
 ...
PMID:Changes in articular cartilage following intraarticular injection of tritiated glyceryl trioleate. 97 82

Six different lipophilic (hydrophobic) organic cations, tetraethyl-, tetrapropyl, tetrabutyl-, tetrapentyl-, tetrahexyl-, and tetraheptylammonium bromide, depressed respiratory control in rat liver mitochondria. Evaluation of mitochondrial responses in terms of a quadratic equation in log P (an index of lipophilicity) indicated that the NADH dehydrogenase receptor site for inhibitor (diminution of control of glutamate, alpha-ketoglutarate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate respiration) was more lipophilic than receptor sites for flavin-linked substrates (reduction of control of succinate, choline and alpha-glycerophosphate respiration). The succinate dehydrogenase receptor site for inhibition by the tetraalkylammonium bromides was more hydrophillic (less lipophilic) than the choline or alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase receptor sites. Depression of respiratory control may be a function of charge density and of lipophilicity at specific inner membranal sites and the susceptible site may differ for different respiratory substrates.
 ...
PMID:Respiratory control depression by tetraalkylammonium bromides in rat liver mitochondria. 124 57


1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>