Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.6.99.3 (diaphorase)
 5,903 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Measurement of the effect of drugs on the in vivo rates of synthesis of rabbit liver organelle bound proteins were measured following individual treatments with the inducers phenobarbital, 3-methylcholanthrene and PCB (a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls) and the inhibitors, cycloheximide, aflatoxin B1, chloramphenicol and actinomycin D. Following their isolation from a homogenate containing the combined livers of 14C-leucine injected experimental animals and 3H-leucine injected control animals, purified fractions of the following proteins were prepared: microsomal cytochrome b5, cytochrome P-450, NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and proteolipids, outer mitochondrial membrane cytochrome b5, NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase and proteolipids, inner mitochondrial membrane cytochrome c, NADH dehydrogenase and proteolipids, intermitochondrial membrane cytochrome b5 and circulating serum albumin. The effect of a drug was examined by measuring the 14C/3H ratio of leucine incorporation of each fraction; ratios which differed markedly from a control value of 1 represented actual changes in the relative rates of protein synthesis. Increased rates of synthesis of cytochrome P-450 and its reductase, intermitochondrial membrane cytochrome b5 and all three proteolipid fractions resulted from each inducer treatment. Treatments with 3-methylcholanthrene and PCB also increased the rate of synthesis of cytochrome b5 and its reductase in both the microsome and outer mitochondrial membrane. In addition, the PCB treatment increased the rates of synthesis of cytochrome c and NADH-dehydrogenase. The rates of synthesis of cytochromes, reductases and of circulating serum albumin were inhibited following treatments with cycloheximide, aflatoxin B1 and actinomycin D. Actinomycin D appeared to inhibit the release of newly synthesized albumin into the bloodstream while chloramphenicol treatment appeared to inhibit the incorporation of cytochrome c into the mitochondria. After 20 hours of treatment with inhibitors, the inhibitory effect of actinomycin D and cycloheximide were still apparent while the rates of protein synt;esis in chloramphenicol and aflatoxin B1 treated animals increased to levels above the controls. The incorporation of radioactively labeled leucine into the proteolipids of the microsomal, and the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes were inhibited following the treatment with actinomycin D and stimulated following the treatment with cycloheximide.
 ...
PMID:Effect of a single dose of inducers and inhibitors on the rate of synthesis of cytochromes and reductases in liver organelles. 11 59

The activities of several drug metabolizing enzymes were compared in microsomes from larvae and adult Drosophila. The cytochrome P-450 content and the benzo[a]pyrene (BP) hydroxylation, p-nitroanisole demethylation and 3- and 4-hydroxylation of biphenyl were 4-20-fold higher in microsomes from adult flies, while 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylase activity and cytochrome c reductase activity were about the same in the two stages. 2-OH-biphenyl was formed in trace amounts by microsomes from adult flies but not to any detectable amount by microsomes from larvae. Pretreatment with phenobarbital (PB), Aroclor 1254 (PCB) or beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) increased the cytochrome P-450 content and the various cytochrome P-450-mediated reactions up to 7-fold in larvae. The effects of the pretreatments were weaker in adult flies, where the increase never was more than 3-fold, and many reactions were unaffected by the pretreatments. BNF was thus inefficient in enhancing all reactions, except a slight (1.3-fold) increase in the formation of 4-OH-biphenyl. Microsomes from both stages exhibited increases in specific protein bands with apparent molecular weights of 51 000-58 000 in the sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis following treatment with PB, PCB and BNF. Differences were observed between larvae and adults with respect both to the number of and the molecular weights of the increased protein bands.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of cytochrome P-450-dependent metabolism in different developmental stages of Drosophila melanogaster. 631 45

Viable but nonculturable (VBNC) bacteria, which maintain the viability with loss of culturability, universally exist in contaminated and non-contaminated environments. In this study, two strains, Rhodococcus sp. TG13 and TN3, which were isolated from PCB-contaminated sediment and non-contaminated sediment respectively, were investigated under low temperature and oligotrophic conditions. The results indicated that the two strains TG13 and TN3 could enter into the VBNC state with different incubation times, and could recover culturability by reversal of unfavourable factors and addition of resuscitation-promoting factor (Rpf), respectively. Furthermore, the gene expression variations in the VBNC response were clarified by Illumina high throughput RNA-sequencing. Genome-wide transcriptional analysis demonstrated that up-regulated genes in the VBNC cells of the strain TG13 related to protein modification, ATP accumulation and RNA polymerase, while all differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the VBNC cells of the strain TN3 were down-regulated. However, the down-regulated genes in both the two strains mainly encoded NADH dehydrogenase subunit, catalase, oxidoreductase, which further verified that cold-induced loss of ability to defend oxidative stress may play an important role in induction of the VBNC state. This study further verified that the molecular mechanisms underlying the VBNC state varied with various bacterial species. Study on the VBNC state of non-pathogenic bacteria will provide new insights into the limitation of environmental micro-bioremediation and the cultivation of unculturable species.
...
PMID:Induction of Viable but Nonculturable State in Rhodococcus and Transcriptome Analysis Using RNA-seq. 2680 70