Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.6.99.3 (diaphorase)
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The myelomonocytic cell line HL60 can be induced by a variety of chemical agents to differentiation to either neutrophils or monocytes. Examination of gene expression, by differential display, in cells induced to monocytes with 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) or neutrophils with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) identified a number of clones with altered patterns of expression over the period of differentiation. One of these clones was the mitochondrial gene NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4) which showed a differential pattern of expression between the neutrophil and monocyte lineages. The potential of mitochondrial inhibitors to induce differentiation was investigated by treating the HL60 cells with either the NADH dehydrogenase inhibitor, Rotenone, the complex III inhibitor, Antimycin A, or the highly specific mitochondrial ATP-synthase inhibitor, Oligomycin. Although functional assays of differentiation did not produce any positive results, all the inhibitors resulted in a dramatic increase in CD14 expression at day 1, with CD38 markers not observed until day 3. The increased expression of CD14 was accompanied by a decrease in viability and all CD14 positive cells were also positive for Annexin V, a marker of apoptosis. These results suggest that inhibition of the components of the mitochondrial pathways may lead to the marking of some cells, via CD14, for cell death, whilst allowing commitment to differentiation to occur in the surviving population.
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PMID:Inhibition of mitochondrial function in HL60 cells is associated with an increased apoptosis and expression of CD14. 1049 Dec 87

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has exhibited great potential in protein identification and quantification. However, the poor spectral reproducibility, originating from random protein immobilization on SERS substrates, still makes it challenging for SERS to probe protein functions without any extrinsic Raman labels. Here, in our study, spacer molecules between proteins and SERS substrates are optimized for both biocompatible protein immobilization and Raman scattering enhancement. We have accordingly prepared iminodiacetic acid (IDA)-functionalized silver substrates, which are used for capturing His-tagged proteins via nickel-imidazole coordination. The controlled immobilization enables excellent SERS spectral reproducibility as evidenced by 6 polypeptides. Furthermore, the interactions between two model proteins, Erv1C (C-terminal domain of flavine adenine dinucleotide-dependent mitochondrial cytochrome c reductase Erv1) and AFP (alpha-fetoprotein), and their ligands Cyt c (cytochrome c) and ATRA (all-trans-retinoic acid) are examined, respectively. The results indicate that the IDA-functionalized silver substrates enable controlled protein immobilization and allow label-free protein function investigation by SERS. As a proof-of-concept study, the proposed functionalized SERS-active substrates combined with immobilized metal-affinity chromatography will be useful for mechanism studies on protein-ligand interactions, which is crucially important for understanding the structural basis of protein functional versatility and will contribute to the fields of drug design and biotechnology.
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PMID:Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering for Direct Protein Function Investigation: Controlled Immobilization and Orientation. 3125 Oct 21