Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.6.99.3 (diaphorase)
 5,903 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report the nucleotidic mapping of a 4,666 base pairs deletion of the human mitochondrial DNA localized at positions 8571 and 13237 in a Kearns-Sayre syndrome patient. The gene fusion between the 15 N terminal amino acid residues of ATP synthetase subunit 6 and the 303 C terminal aminoacids of NADH dehydrogenase yields a potential protein of 35,000 d MW called A6-ND5. Deletion boundaries show a short inverted repeat ATCXTA. The heteroplasmic deletion mechanism is discussed in view of these data.
 ...
PMID:[Nucleotide mapping and a kinetic model of a heteroplasmic deletion of 4,666 base pairs from mitochondrial DNA in the Kearns-Sayre syndrome]. 251 65

We investigated the correlations of deletions of mitochondrial DNA in skeletal muscle with clinical manifestations of mitochondrial myopathies, a group of disorders defined either by biochemical abnormalities of mitochondria or by morphologic changes causing a ragged red appearance of the muscle fibers histochemically. We performed genomic Southern blot analysis of muscle mitochondrial DNA from 123 patients with different mitochondrial myopathies or encephalomyopathies. Deletions were found in the mitochondrial DNA of 32 patients, all of whom had progressive external ophthalmoplegia. Some patients had only ocular myopathy, whereas others had Kearns-Sayre syndrome, a multisystem disorder characterized by ophthalmoplegia, pigmentary retinopathy, heart block, and cerebellar ataxia. The deletions ranged in size from 1.3 to 7.6 kilobases and were mapped to different sites in the mitochondrial DNA, but an identical 4.9-kilobase deletion was found in the same location in 11 patients. Biochemical analysis showed decreased activities of NADH dehydrogenase, rotenone-sensitive NADH-cytochrome c reductase, succinate-cytochrome c reductase, and cytochrome c oxidase, four enzymes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain containing subunits encoded by mitochondrial DNA. We conclude that deletions of muscle mitochondrial DNA are associated with ophthalmoplegia and may result in impaired mitochondrial function. However, the precise relation between clinical and biochemical phenotypes and deletions remains to be defined.
 ...
PMID:Mitochondrial DNA deletions in progressive external ophthalmoplegia and Kearns-Sayre syndrome. 230

Because of the diversity of clinical symptoms, the diagnosis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletion disorders can be difficult. Here, we describe an 8-month-old boy presenting clinically exclusively with refractory anemia. Mutation analysis in our patient revealed a large, novel deletion in his mtDNA encompassing ATPase 6, cytochrome oxidase subunit III, NADH dehydrogenase genes ND3 to ND6, and cytochrome b. Comparison with other cases from the literature showed that there is no genotype-phenotype correlation regarding hematologic features. It is not possible to predict whether our patient will develop additional features from Pearson syndrome or Kearns-Sayre syndrome, both syndromic mitochondrial disorders with hematological manifestations.
 ...
PMID:A novel mtDNA large-scale mutation clinically exclusively presenting with refractory anemia: is there a chance to predict disease progression? 2253 95

Mitochondrial diseases (MIDs) are a large group of heterogeneous disorders due to mutations in either mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or nuclear DNA (nDNA) genes, the latter encoding proteins involved in mitochondrial function. A multisystem clinical picture that involves several organs, including both the peripheral and central nervous systems, is a common presentation of MID. Movement disorders, even isolated ones, are not rare. Cerebellar ataxia is common in myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers (MERFF) due to mutations in the mitochondrial transfer RNA (tRNA) lysine gene, in Kearns-Sayre syndrome due to mtDNA deletions, in sensory ataxic neuropathy with dysarthria and ophthalmoplegia (SANDO) due to nuclear POLG1 gene mutations, and also in ARCA2, Friedreich's ataxia, SPG7, SCA28 and autosomal-recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) due to mutations in nuclear genes involved in mitochondrial morphology or function. Myoclonus is a key feature of MERFF, but may also be encountered in mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS), ARCA2, POLG1 mutations and Leigh syndrome. Dystonia is common in Leigh syndrome (which may be caused by 75 different genes) and in Leber hereditary ocular neuropathy (LHON) plus disease, due to mutations in mtDNA genes that encode subunits of NADH dehydrogenase, as well as in ARCA2, pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN), mitochondrial membrane protein-associated neurodegeneration (MPAN) and POLG1 mutations. Other movement disorders are rarer (such as parkinsonism, tremor, chorea). Although parkinsonism is more frequent in POLG1 mutations, and myoclonus in MERFF, most movement disorders are found either isolated or combined in numerous MIDs. The presence of associated neurological signs, whether central or peripheral, or of evocative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities (striatal necrosis) should prompt a search for MID. In cases of a particular clinical spectrum (LHON, MERFF, Kearns-Sayre, SANDO, SPG7, ARCA2, ARSACS), a search for the most frequently implicated mutation(s) is recommended. In other cases, muscle biopsies followed by metabolic and genetic studies may be useful for arriving at a diagnosis.
 ...
PMID:Movement disorders in mitochondrial diseases. 2777 46