Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.6.99.3 (diaphorase)
 5,903 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The flat revertant cell line R1, isolated from human activated Ha-ras oncogene transformed NIH/3T3 cells (EJ-NIH/3T3) by mutagen treatment, expresses a variant form of the actin-regulatory protein gelsolin, designated p92-5.7. To clone the gene encoding p92-5.7, gelsolin cDNAs were isolated from a cDNA library of R1 cells. In vitro transcription-translation and nucleotide sequence analyses of the cloned cDNAs identified a point mutation in codon 321 at the cause for the expression of p92-5.7. Considering gelsolin's function as an actin binding protein, the expression of alpha-actin, which is downregulated in many transformed fibroblasts, was analyzed. In EJ-NIH/3T3 cells no alpha-actin transcript was detected, whereas in R1 cells alpha-actin mRNA expression was restored to a level similar to NIH/3T3 cells. Immunofluorescence staining of the cells with an alpha-actin specific monoclonal antibody did not detect any alpha-actin containing microfilaments in EJ-NIH/3T3 cells, but revealed an ordered microfilament pattern in R1 and NIH/3T3 cells. In order to identify other genetic alterations that may also contribute to the revertant phenotype, genes with an elevated expression in R1 cells compared with the parental EJ-NIH/3T3 cells were isolated by using a differential hybridization approach. The identified sequences represented mitochondrial (cytochrome b, cytochrome c oxidase subunit II, NADH dehydrogenase subunits 1 and 4) and alpha 2 (type I) collagen genes. In summary, these results suggest that a complex alteration of the expression of cytoskeletal, mitochondrial and extracellular matrix components is closely associated with the flat reversion of R1 cells.
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PMID:[A study on alterations of gene expression in a flat revertant R1 from ras-oncogene transformed NIH/3T3 cells]. 769 63

Availability of the complete sequence of the human genome and sequence homology analysis has accelerated new protein discovery and clues to protein function. Protein-protein interaction cloning suggests multisubunit complexes and pathways. Here, we combine these molecular approaches with cultured cell colocalization analysis to suggest a novel complex and a pathway that integrate the mitochondrial location and the microtubular cytoskeleton with chromosome remodeling, apoptosis, and tumor suppression based on a novel leucine-rich pentatricopeptide repeat-motif-containing protein (LRPPRC) that copurified with the fibroblast growth factor receptor complex. One round of interaction cloning and sequence homology analysis defined a primary LRPPRC complex with novel subunits cat eye syndrome chromosome region candidate 2 (CECR2), ubiquitously expressed transcript (UXT), and chromosome 19 open reading frames 5 (C19ORF5) but still of unknown function. Immuno, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and green fluorescent protein (GFP) tag colocalization analyses revealed that LRPPRC appears in both cytosol and nuclei of cultured cells, colocalizes with mitochondria and beta-tubulin rather than with alpha-actin in the cytosol of interphase cells, and exhibits phase-dependent organization around separating chromosomes in mitotic cells. GFP-tagged CECR2B was strictly nuclear and colocalized with condensed DNA in apoptotic cells. GFP-tagged UXT and GFP-tagged C19ORF5 appeared in both cytosol and nuclei and colocalized with LRPPRC and beta-tubulin. Cells exhibiting nuclear C19ORF5 were apoptotic. Screening for interactive substrates with the primary LRPPRC substrates in the human liver complementary DNA library revealed that CECR2B interacted with chromatin-associated TFIID-associated protein TAFII30 and ribonucleic acid splicing factor SRP40, UXT bridged to CBP/p300-binding factor CITED2 and kinetochore-associated factor BUB3, and C19ORF5 complexed with mitochondria-associated NADH dehydrogenase I and cytochrome c oxidase I. C19ORF5 also interacted with RASSF1, providing a bridge to apoptosis and tumor suppression.
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PMID:Novel complex integrating mitochondria and the microtubular cytoskeleton with chromosome remodeling and tumor suppressor RASSF1 deduced by in silico homology analysis, interaction cloning in yeast, and colocalization in cultured cells. 1276 40

Although protein carbonyl formation is an index of oxidative stress in skeletal muscles, the exact proteins, which undergo oxidation in these muscles, remain unknown. We used 2D electrophoresis, immunoblotting, and mass spectrometry to identify carbonylated proteins in the diaphragm in septic animals. Rats were injected with saline (control) or Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and killed after various intervals. Diaphragm protein carbonylation increased significantly and peaked 12 h after LPS injection, and it was localized both inside muscle fibers and in blood vessels supplying muscle fibers. Aldolase A, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, enolase 3beta, mitochondrial and cytosolic creatine kinases, alpha-actin, carbonic anyhdrase III, and ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase were all carbonylated in septic rat diaphragms. In addition, we found significant negative correlations between the intensity of carbonylation and creatine kinase and aldolase activities. We conclude that glycolysis, ATP production, CO2 hydration, and contractile proteins are targeted by oxygen radicals inside the diaphragm during sepsis.
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PMID:Protein carbonyl formation in the diaphragm. 1547 39