Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.6.99.1 (NADPH-diaphorase)
3,903 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Biochemical, cytochemical and immunological methods were used to compare the metabolic and neuroendocrine properties of the subfornical organ (SFO) with the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system (HNS) in the rat. The SFO resembles the HNS in that both have (a) increased label incorporation into RNA during dehydration; (b) an intense reaction for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; (c) NADPH-diaphorase and the Type I pathway for hydrogen utilization from NADPH, presumably as part of the mixed-function oxidase system for the metabolism of endogenous substrates and xenobiotics; (d) immunoreactive vasopressin and oxytocin. Gel filtration of extracts of the SFO area using Sephadex G-25 chromatography resulted in immunoreactive peaks for both AVP and OT which were similar to synthetic hormones. One other fraction in the SFO extract, containing a substance(s) of higher molecular weight than AVP, was detected using the antiserum for AVP. The concentration of immunoreactive AVP in the SFO area was increased after colchicine, decreased by hypophysectomy, and unaltered by: (a) infusion (4.6 pg/min for 3 hr) or injection (1 or 6 ng) of AVP into the lateral cerebroventricle; (b) dehydration; (c) renin administered intracerebroventricularly; (d) pinealectomy; or (e) hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. In conclusion, cells in the SFO have specialized metabolic and neuroendocrine properties similar to the HNS. It can be inferred from these biochemical specializations that the SFO has metabolic and secretory activities.
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PMID:The subfornical organ: biochemical and neuroendocrine comparisons with the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system. 402 8

Histochemical study of enzymatic activity in the myocardium was performed in sudden cardiac death. Human hearts in which there were no macroscopic and histological focal or diffuse changes served as material. The following enzymes were studied in the anterior or posterior walls of the left ventricle or in the interventricular septum: succinate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (OHBDH), alpha-glycerophosphate- and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, NAD-diaphorase and phosphorylase. Increased activity of OHBDH and LDH was found: 36,0 and 22,6% higher than in trauma and brain hemorrhage that served as control. These alterations seem to be connected with the increase of blood content of fatty acids, and lactate as a response to the catecholamine excess. Foci of an acute ischemia were found in the interventricular septum in 80% of cases in which phosphorylase was revealed. The appearance of the ischemic foci was obviously due to the coronary arteries contraction.
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PMID:[Histoenzymological characteristics of the myocardium in sudden cardiac death]. 405 12

The enzyme pattern of 13 cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) and 11 cases of myxofibrosarcoma (MFS), a malignant myxomatous soft tissue tumor of fibroblastic histiocytic origin, has been studied. 6 of the 13 MFHs were analyzed enzyme histochemically at the light microscopic level and 7 on the ultrastructural level; of the 11 MFSs 9 were analyzed enzyme histochemically at the light microscopic level and 2 on the ultrastructural level. Differences were observed in the subjectively estimated enzyme activity between low grade MFS and high grade MFS and MFH, and also between histiocyte-like and fibroblast-like tumor cells. Generally a strong reaction of oxidoreductase enzymes (NADH2-diaphorase, NADPH2-diaphorase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) and hydrolytic enzymes (acid phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase) was found in the high grade tumors and was usually higher in the histiocyte-like than in the fibroblast-like cells. Ultrastructurally acid phosphatase occurred predominantly in primary and secondary lysosomes and Golgi zones of the histiocyte-like cells. A strong reaction of alkaline phosphatase was found light microscopically in 2 of 5 MFHs and 5 of 9 MFSs. Ultrastructurally alkaline phosphatase was located along the cytoplasmic membrane of predominantly fibroblast-like cells in 3 of 7 MFHs and 1 of 2 MFSs. The results agree with the concept of two main cell types in MFH and MFS, fibroblasts and histiocytes.
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PMID:Enzyme histochemistry of malignant fibroblastic histiocytic tumors. A light and electron microscopic analysis. 608 56

Quantitative cytochemical investigations have detected individual variations between murine peritoneal macrophages and have shown distinct difference between resident and exudate populations. The latter generally contain greater amounts of protein, RNA, acid phosphatase, succinate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and NADH dehydrogenase. On te other hand, no differences were detected in the cellular content of DNA, not-specific esterase, and NADPH dehydrogenase. In many instances they reflect the biochemical findings of other investigators including the stimulation of glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle and hexose monophosphate shunt pathways, which can occur in elicited or activated macrophages. Although cytochemical differences between the two populations exist, it cannot be stated whether they represent distinct cell lines or different functional states of the same cell population.
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PMID:A quantitative cytochemical analysis of resident and exudate macrophages. 616 17

The effect of tris-(2-chloroethyl)-amine (HN-3) on RNA and DNA was investigated spectrophotometrically. The shift in the absorbance spectrum caused by the addition of HN-3 was used to test a variety of compounds for their ability to inhibit RNA alkylation. The effect of HN-3 on the activity of several enzymes was also investigated. The activities of ribonuclease A, desoxyribonuclease I, acetylcholinesterase, diaphorase, glutathione reductase, adenosine desaminase, glyoxalase I, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase, xanthine oxidase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, hexokinase and the microsomal N-oxygenation of aniline were not changed by HN-3, whereas the activity of cytochrome-c-reductase exhibited a dose dependent diminution in the presence HN-3. Of 105 compounds tested only 14, namely, sodium thiosulfate, dithioxanthine, thiosalicylic acid, 1,2,4-triazole-5-thiol, 2-thiocytosine, 2-thiohistadine, 2,3-dithiosuccinic acid, thioglycolic acid, 3-mercapto-D-valine,6-amino-2-thiouracil, thionicotine amide, dithiothreitol, sodium sulfite, and ergothioneine prevented the alkylation of RNA. All of them also reacted with HN-3 in absence of RNA. No correlation was found between the reaction constant of the reaction compound:HN-3 in the absence of RNA and the concentration of the compound which inhibited RNA alkylation by 50%. The compounds which were effective in vitro were also tested in mice for their ability to reduce HN-3 toxicity in vivo. Only sodium thiosulfate, d-penicillamine, and dithiosuccinic acid were effective. A 3.9fold increase in the LD50 of HN-3 was achieved in mice treated with sodium thiosulfate 3330 mg/kg i.p., a 1.7fold with 2125 mg dithiosuccinic acid/kg, and a 2fold increase with 2500 mg/kg d-penicillamine. The compound tested was injected i.p. 0.5 to 1 min after the s.c. injection of HN-3.
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PMID:Effect of various compounds on the reaction of tris-(2-chloroethyl)amine with ribonucleic acid in vitro and on its toxicity in mice. 617 33

A histochemical study of the metabolism of rat renal arteries and arterioles. Rat renal arteries and arterioles were examined histochemically to determine their metabolic profiles. Succinate, malate and NAD-isocitrate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase and ubiquinone were assessed to determine aerobic metabolism. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and DPN diaphorase were evaluated to determine hexose-monophosphate-shunt activity. Anaerobic metabolism was evaluated via lactate dehydrogenase, and the substrate, glycogen. Gomori's lipase, beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and amounts of neutral fat and free fatty acids were assessed as indicators of lipid utilization. Myosin ATPase activity was evaluated as an index of ATP utilization for contraction. Deoxyribonucleic and ribonucleic acids were appraised as indicators of protein synthesis. In general, the oxidative enzymes and myosin ATPase demonstrate considerable activity in renal arteries and arterioles which suggests aerobic metabolism and ATP usage. Renal arteries and arterioles also appear capable of anaerobic metabolism as indicated by strong lactate dehydrogenase reactivity and by the presence of slight to moderate quantities of glycogen, while high levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and moderate amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid suggest a potential for beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, minimal lipase activity, and the absence of fatty acids with substantial amounts of neutral fat, indicate limited lipid catabolism.
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PMID:A histochemical study of the metabolism of rat renal arteries and arterioles. 620 11

Oral administration of manganese chloride (25 mg/kg b. w. daily) to monkeys for a period of 18 months produced congestion and marked increase in weight of testis. Histopathologic examination revealed interstitial oedema and degeneration of seminiferous tubules. Activities of succinic dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase were significantly inhibited whereas NADH-diaphorase and alkaline phosphatase activities showed only slight inhibition in seminiferous tubules of treated monkeys. It was concluded that chronic exposure to manganese does not produce sever degenerative changes in the testis earlier than metal induced encephalopathy in primates.
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PMID:Manganese induced testicular changes in monkeys. 624 33

Oxygen and glucose consumption and lactate production of the peritoneal membrane and intra-abdominal adhesions were measured in rats after a single intra-peritoneal colloidal silica injection. Enzyme histochemical studies were made of lactate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, NADH2-diaphorase, NADPH2-diaphorase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, leucylaminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase in the peritoneal membrane. Anaerobic glycolysis comprises 47% of the total glucose consumption in the the normal peritoneum. Glucose consumption and lactate production of the peritoneal membrane increased sharply in the early phase of silica-induced peritonitis and stayed at a high level for a week indicating an enhanced anerobic metabolism. Oxygen and aerobic glucose consumption increased more slowly than anaerobic glucose consumption and reached their maxima 1 week after silica injection, indicating that the rate of aerobic metabolism is also higher in chemical peritonitis than in the controls. On the other hand, glucose consumption and lactate production increased in a parallel fashion in adhesions and in the peritoneum in the early phase of peritonitis. However, the maximum and later levels were less in adhesions than in the peritoneum. In the enzyme histochemical study high activities of enzymes indicating anaerobic energy metabolism and metabolism via the pentose phosphate shunt were seen in cells of the peritoneal membrane during the early phase of peritonitis. No activity was identified in enzymes indicating aerobic energy metabolism and increased catabolism before the end of the first week.
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PMID:Energy metabolism of the peritoneal membrane in silica-induced peritonitis. A biochemical and enzyme histochemical study. 625 64

Young rats were exposed to 2, 5, 8 and 10 Gy 50 kV local irradiation. The epiphyseal region of the proximal tibia was examined with histopathologic, histochemical and enzyme histochemical methods 1 to 90 days after irradiation. One day after irradiation, a decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity was noted and increased activity was found for acid phosphatase, NADH2-diaphorase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, especially after 8 and 10 Gy, but also after 5 Gy. Three days after irradiation, all enzymes showed an increased activity and on day 7 the findings resembled those on day 3. Thirty days after irradiation, a return to normal conditions was observed. The most marked morphologic changes were swelling of cells in the hypertrophic cell zone, disturbed order of cells in the zone of proliferation and an increased number of osteoclasts in the metaphyseal bone. These alterations appeared 1 to 3 days after irradiation and normal morphology was seen on day 30 after 2, 5 and 8 Gy and 90 days after irradiation with 10 Gy.
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PMID:Effect of 50 kV irradiation on enzyme activities of growing rat bone. A histopathologic and enzyme histochemical investigation. 630 36

By means of starch electrophoresis, 52 proteins and enzymes of Microtus arvalis and M. subarvalis were studied to establish the extent of their similarity. Out of 52 markers studied, 7 proteins and enzymes had different electrophoretic mobility: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), diaphorase (DP), adenylate kinase (AK), lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB), alpha-galactosidase (GAL) and hemoglobin (Hb), which make up to 13% of all the enzymes and proteins studied. The differences found between the two species studied by electrophoretic mobility of G6PD, AK, GAL and Hb, as well as the absence of intraspecific polymorphism for the above proteins permit to consider these proteins as species-specific markers, with the help of which M. arvalis and M. subarvalis can be distinguished. It should be emphasized that intraspecific polymorphism was found for PGD, LDHB and DP in M. arvalis, while in M. subarvalis these proteins were monomorphic and identical, in their electrophoretic mobility, to one of electrophoretic variants of M. arvalis. Therefore, only one of allelic variants of PGD, LDHB and DP is species-specific. Estimation of the extent of genetic similarity based on analysis of distribution of gene frequencies for polymorphic loci of M. arvalis and M. subarvalis by means of Nei's method gave the value of 0.312, the genetic distance being 1.164. The data obtained, together with the known cytogenetic data, point to a species rank of the species studied. Moreover, in spite of the morphological similarity between M. arvalis and M. subarvalis, the estimation of genetic similarity proved to be close to that for morphologically contrasting species.
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PMID:[Evaluation of the degree of genetic divergence in the twin species of the common vole Microtus arvalis and Microtus subarvalis (Rodentia)]. 638 3


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