Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.6.99.1 (NADPH-diaphorase)
 3,903 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Components of membranes isolated from Spiroplasma citri and corn stunt spiroplasma grown at 28 degrees C were analyzed. On a protein basis, lipid phosphorus was lower and cholesterol was higher in S. citri. Only minor differences between the two species were found in fatty acid composition, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase, and adenosine triphosphatase.
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PMID:Comparison of the membrane composition of Spiroplasma citri and the corn stunt Spiroplasma. 42 10

Sheep erythrocyte membranes have been shown in this laboratory to undergo spontaneous vesiculation when incubated at 4 degrees, fractionating into two bands in dextran gradients (R. McGuire and R. Barber, submitted for publication). While vesicles were observed to be formed in several solvent systems, incubation in the presence of complexors to remove divalent cations was found to be the most efficient method for both vesicle formation and their detachment from the residual membrane. We report here on the characterization of these vesicles formed by spontaneous vesiculation. In the presence of a hypotnoic buffer containing 1 mM EDTA, vesicle production proceeds linearly up to 50 hours and declines, reaching its maximum at 72 hours with up to 20% of the total membrane protein found in the upper band. This upper band is shown in electron micrographs to be composed chiefly of closed vesicles, while the particles in the lower band appear morphologically similar to the original ghosts. Total phospholipid phosphorus and cholesterol in the vesicles are enriched to the same extent, giving a lipid to protein ratio of 2 times that found for whole ghosts. The vesicles contain the same individual phospholipids as the ghosts. The protein composition of these vesicles is unique, in that they are almost depleted in the known extrinsic membrane proteins, while containing practically all types of the various glycoproteins of the original membrane. The two main intrinsic membrane proteins (with apparent molecular weights of 160,000 and 100,000) are found almost exclusively in the vesicles, virtually depleted in the residual ghost-like particles. The protein with 160,000 molecular weight is shown here to be a glycoprotein, giving an anomalous molecular weight on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels and having a molecular weight of approximately 50,000 after lipid extraction. This same glycoprotein appears to fractionate with acetylcholinesterase. From the accessibilities of the substrates to the membrane acetylcholinesterase and NADH-diaphorase, it is concluded that the vesicles are right-side-out and sealed to small molecules. There are more membrane sialic acid residues accessible to neuraminidase in the vesicles (in terms of number of residues/mg og membrane protein) than in ghosts, further supporting the conclustion that these vesicles have a normal orientation and are enriched in glycoproteins. The specific activity of acetylcholinesterase in the vesicles is increased 5- to 6-fold over that found in the original ghosts and almost 20-fold over that in the residual ghost-like particles. Consequently, spontaneous vesiculation occurs simultaneously with the enrichement of specific membrane proteins in certain regions of the lipid bilayer. It is postulated that these domains in the membrane, containing clusters of specific intrinsic membrane proteins, bud out and subsequently release glycoprotein-enriched lipid vesicles.
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PMID:Glycoprotein-enriched vesicles from sheep erythrocyte ghosts obtained by spontaneous vesiculation. 93 96

Under study were activities of glycolysis enzymes: LDH, Krebs' cycle--SDH, those of electron transport system--NAD and NADP-diaphorase, and of the hydrolytic enzymes, acid and alkaline phosphatases in the hypothalamus, as were morphofunctional shifts in these enzymes' activities in poisoning with organophosphorus compounds. The experiments were carried out in 72 white male outbred rats weighing 180-200 g, that were administered PHOS antio (an organo-phosphorus compound) in a daily dose of 0.1 LD50 for 30 days. Early dates of poisoning were associated with an essential rise of the redox enzymes and a lowering of the hydrolytic enzymes levels, this being paralleled by morphologic signs of activation of the neurosecretory cells. Later high levels of neurosecretory material in the neurosecretory nuclei and reduced counts of neurosecretory cells were coupled with almost all the enzymes' activities lowering. This permits a conclusion that changed activities of the enzymic systems may be one of the pathogenetic mechanisms and possible causes of neurosecretory cell dysfunction in pesticide poisonings.
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PMID:[The enzymatic activity of the neurosecretory nuclei of the anterior hypothalamus in exposure of the body to organophosphorus compounds]. 801 55