Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.6.99.1 (NADPH-diaphorase)
 3,903 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Influence of magnesium pre-treatment during repetitive hypoxia was studied in the hippocampus of rats by histochemical analysis (NADPH-diaphorase staining). NADPH-diaphorase occurs concurrently with NO-synthase that is responsible for NO synthesis. Rat pups were kept together with their mother for 8 hours a day in a hypobaric chamber at a simulated altitude of 7,000 m since the day of birth till the 17th day. The first group of animals was exposed to the repeated hypoxia; the second group under the same conditions was pre-treated by magnesium before the exposition to the hypoxia. Both groups were compared with intact control animals and intact animals treated with magnesium. The experimental and control animals were the transaortically perfused with 4% buffered neutral formaldehyde under thiopental anaesthesia at the age of 35 days. Brains were processed for NADPH-d staining. We estimated the density of NADPH-d positive neurons in CA1 and CA3 areas of the hippocampus and in the dentate gyrus. Intermittent hypoxia brings about higher numbers of NADPH-diaphorase positive neurons of CA1 and CA3 of the hippocampus and of the dorsal blade of dentate gyrus, in the comparison with either group of control animals. In the hilus and ventral blade of the dentate gyrus, on the contrary, the number of NADPH-d positive neurons was smaller. Magnesium pre-treatment during hypoxia decreased number of nitrergic neurons in all areas of the hippocampus except CA1 area, where the effect of magnesium was not significant. These results demonstrate that magnesium can probably have a neuroprotective effect.
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PMID:Effect of magnesium pre-treatment on the hippocampal NOS activity during long-lasting intermittent hypoxia. 1675 10

Nitric oxide (NO) is a diffusible signaling molecule with evolutionarily conserved roles in neural plasticity. Prominent expression of NO synthase (NOS) in the primary olfactory centers of mammals and insects lead to the notion of a special role for NO in olfaction. In insects, however, NOS is also strongly expressed in non-olfactory chemo-tactile centers of the thoracic nerve cord. The functional significance of this apparent association with various sensory centers is unclear, as is the extent to which it occurs in other arthropods. We therefore investigated the expression of NOS in the pereopod ganglia of crayfish (Pacifastacus lenisculus and Procambarus clarkii). Conventional NADPH diaphorase (NADPHd) staining after formaldehyde fixation gave poor anatomic detail, whereas fixation in methanol/formalin (MF-NADPHd) resulted in Golgi-like staining, which was supported by immunohistochemistry using NOS antibodies that recognize a 135-kDa protein in crayfish. MF-NADPHd revealed an exceedingly dense innervation of the chemo-tactile centers. As in insects, this innervation was provided by a system of prominent intersegmental neurons. Superimposed on a putatively conserved architecture, however, were pronounced segmental differences. Strong expression occurred only in the anterior three pereopod ganglia, correlating with the presence of claws on pereopods one to three. These clawed pereopods, in addition to their role in locomotion, are crucially involved in feeding, where they serve both sensory and motor functions. Our findings indicate that strong expression of NOS is not a universal feature of primary sensory centers but instead may subserve a specific requirement for sensory plasticity that arises only in particular behavioral contexts.
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PMID:Nitric oxide synthase in crayfish walking leg ganglia: segmental differences in chemo-tactile centers argue against a generic role in sensory integration. 1724 3

The effect of age on pain response to paw pressure and intraplantar formalin injection in rats is elucidated. Pain responses evoked by mechanical pressure on hind paw and intraplantar injection of formaldehyde (5%) into the hind paw were evaluated in groups of adult, young and aged male Sprague Dawley rats, after intraperitoneal (i.p.) or intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of L-arginine or NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-diaphorase staining was done in the two groups. The results show that pain response was reduced in the aged rats and enhanced pain response to paw pressure in aged rats only. L-arginine (i.c.v.) had no effect on pain response to paw pressure in the two groups but enhanced biphasic pain response to formalin. L-NAME (i.p. and i.c.v.) suppressed pain response to paw pressure in the two groups. L-NAME (i.c.v.) suppressed pain response to formalin during the acute phase and enhanced it during the late phase. NADPH-diaphorase activity was significantly greater in young rats. In conclusion, pain response is blunted in the aged rats. NO might be involved in mechanical nociception in aged rats and in formalin-induced nociception in both groups. NO blockade has an antinociceptive effect on pain response. Central NO has dual role in pain response evoked by formalin.
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PMID:Influence of age on pain sensitivity in response to paw pressure and formalin injection in rats: a role of nitric oxide. 2278 22

Very little is known about the role of melatonin in the trigeminal system, including the function of melatonin receptor 1. In the present study, adult rats were injected with formaldehyde into the right vibrissae pad to establish a model of orofacial inflammatory pain. The distribution of melatonin receptor 1 and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase in the caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus and trigeminal ganglion was determined with immunohistochemistry and histochemistry. The results show that there are significant differences in melatonin receptor 1 expression and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase expression in the trigeminal ganglia and caudal spinal nucleus during the early stage of orofacial inflammatory pain. Our findings suggest that when melatonin receptor 1 expression in the caudal spinal nucleus is significantly reduced, melatonin's regulatory effect on pain is attenuated.
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PMID:Orofacial inflammatory pain affects the expression of MT1 and NADPH-d in rat caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus and trigeminal ganglion. 2520 19


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