Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.6.99.1 (NADPH-diaphorase)
 3,903 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Young rats were exposed to 2, 5, 8 and 10 Gy 50 kV local irradiation. The epiphyseal region of the proximal tibia was examined with histopathologic, histochemical and enzyme histochemical methods 1 to 90 days after irradiation. One day after irradiation, a decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity was noted and increased activity was found for acid phosphatase, NADH2-diaphorase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, especially after 8 and 10 Gy, but also after 5 Gy. Three days after irradiation, all enzymes showed an increased activity and on day 7 the findings resembled those on day 3. Thirty days after irradiation, a return to normal conditions was observed. The most marked morphologic changes were swelling of cells in the hypertrophic cell zone, disturbed order of cells in the zone of proliferation and an increased number of osteoclasts in the metaphyseal bone. These alterations appeared 1 to 3 days after irradiation and normal morphology was seen on day 30 after 2, 5 and 8 Gy and 90 days after irradiation with 10 Gy.
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PMID:Effect of 50 kV irradiation on enzyme activities of growing rat bone. A histopathologic and enzyme histochemical investigation. 630 36

The genetic structure of three Asiatic eskimos subpopulations (402 individuals), five coast chuckchies subpopulations (1793 individuals) and three reindeer chuckchies subpopulations (559 individuals) have been studied for 26 electrophoretic protein systems (33 loci). These are: adenilate-kinase (AK), diaphorase NAD X H (Dia), glyoxalase-1 (GLO-1), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (6GPT), glutamatpyruvate transaminase (GPT), glutamicoxalate transaminase (GOT), carbonic anhydrase-1 (Ca-1), catalase (Ct), acid phosphatase (AcP), lactate dehydrogenase (loci LDH-A and LDH-B), leucine aminopeptidase (Lap), malatedehydrogenase (MDH), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), superoxide dismutase (Sod), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), phosphoglucomutase (loci PGM1 and PGM2), cholinesterase (loci c1--c5), alkaline phosphatase (Pp), esterase D (EsD), red cell esterase (Est) - 4 loci, albumin (Alb), haptoglobin (Hp), hemoglobine (Hb A and B), group-specific component (Gc), transferrin (Tf), ceruloplasmin (Cp). In addition, AB0 and Rh system blood groups and phenyl thiocarbamide taste sensitivity (PTC) have been studied. 12 of 36 loci are polymorphic (33.33%), heterozygosity for all loci in eskimos, coastal and reindeer chuckchies being 0.118 +/- 0.005, 0.130 +/- 0.002 and 0.120 +/- 0.004, respectively. These estimates do not differ essentially from heterozygosity at these loci for mongoloid groups living further south. The test for interpopulation heterogeneity has permitted to estimate contribution of the loci to the differentiation of these populations. The least heterogeneity has been found at loci where gene frequency distribution is the most specific for these ethnic groups.
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PMID:[Genetic structure of the populations of native inhabitants in the northeastern USSR. III. Asiatic Eskimos and the coast and reindeer Chukchi]. 643 3

The activities of alkaline phosphatase and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) diaphorase in the principal cells of the guinea pig epididymis were studied histochemically. Alkaline phosphatase activity was absent from the principal cells but was present in the basement membrane of the epididymal epithelium. NADH diaphorase activity was distributed throughout the cytoplasm of the principal cells in each epididymal segment. There was a gradual increase in NADH diaphorase activity from segments 1 through 7. Possible functions of alkaline phosphatase and NADH diaphorase in the epididymis are discussed.
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PMID:Localization of alkaline phosphatase and NADH diaphorase in the principal cells of the guinea pig epididymis. 668 19

Parallel stereo- and cytospectrophotometric examinations of human myocardial capillaries, 20-60 min after biological death were carried out. The activity of alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and NAD-diaphorase in the capillary wall in relation to the sex and age in cardiovascular pathology, renal diseases and leukemias were studied. The permeability and level of energy supply of transendothelial transport were found to depend on the kind of the main pathological process and type of death. According to the parameters under study, the functional state of the capillary network of the myocardium in atherosclerosis with or without its combination with hypertension and also in secondary renal hypertension is described.
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PMID:[Stereological characteristics and enzymatic activity of myocardial capillaries in different variants of pathology and death (data from immediate autopsies)]. 686 Jan 68

The article deals with the results of histochemical study of some redox and proteolytic enzymes (SDH, MDH, NAD-diaphorase, LDH, and acid and alkaline phosphatase) in experiments on animals in various periods after infliction of a craniocerebral injury and on autopsy material, i.e. the brain of patients who had died from severe craniocerebral injury incompatible with life. It is shown that the activity of all enzymes decreases (SDH, MDH, NAD-diaphorase, and alkaline phosphatase) or increases (LDH, acid phosphatase) in various periods after the injury. The results were compared with the findings of morphological examination of the same brain areas performed by means of neurohistological methods.
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PMID:[Redox and proteolytic enzymes in brain tissue after a concussion]. 689 60

Cultures of adult rabbit hepatocytes have been used to study the early toxic effects of 2 model hepatotoxins, dimethylnitrosamine and allyl alcohol. Leakage of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase into the cell culture medium was a sensitive indicator of plasma membrane damage by these compounds and a dose-response relationship was observed. By contrast, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and alkaline phosphatase were insensitive markers. The effects of dimethylnitrosamine were slower to develop. Dimethylnitrosamine also produced a dose-related inhibition of protein synthesis after 4 h, a decrease in NADPH diaphorase and an increase in non-specific esterase after 20 h. Dimethylnitrosamine, unlike allyl alcohol, caused extensive disruption of ribosome association with the endoplasmic reticulum.
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PMID:The effects of dimethylnitrosamine and allyl alcohol on primary maintenance cultures of adult rabbit hepatocytes. 689 38

Tendon tissue of eleven athletes suffering from insertion tendopathy and of two controls was examined. Part of the tissue was prepared for routine light microscopy, a part for enzyme histochemical staining of Nicotinamide-adenine-dinudeotide-diaphorase (NADP-diaphorase), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), beta-glucuronidase and alkaline phosphatase. Small pieces of tissue were also prepared for electron microscopic examination. The removed tissue was edematous and mushy. The normally densely packed parallel or interwoven collagen bundles were loosened by edema, focal necrosis or hemorrhage. Infiltration of fatty tissue and granulation tissue was also present. The amount of acid mucopolysaccharides was markedly increased. The histochemical studies showed strong enzyme activity of NADP-diaphorase and LDH in normal tendon tissue as well as around areas of degeneration and in granulation tissue. beta-Glucuronidase and alkaline phosphatase was present, but in general with lesser activity than the above enzymes. The electron microscopic examination revealed marked degeneration of the fiber systems, focal necrosis, deposit of amorphous masses and mucopolysaccharides and focal mineralisation. The reparative zones showed proliferating capillaries, often with a collapsed lumen and prominent endothelial cells and basement membranes.
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PMID:Insertion tendopathy in athletes. A light microscopic, histochemical and electron microscopic examination. 712 23

Examination of macrophages, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) and lymphocytes of the trachea, PMNL and blood lymphocytes, of the condition of pulmonary tissue in the time course of the process (1st day--l months) revealed an association between the developing cellular and tissue changes. The development of alterations in the lungs with predominant anabolic changes and moderate exudation are characterized by a decrease in the content of nucleoproteins (deoxyribonucleoproteins, ribonucleoproteins), and activity of NAD-diaphorase and alkaline phosphatase, an increase in the activity of acid phosphatase in the above-mentioned cells of the trachea and blood as well as by increased permeability of lysosomal membranes and degeneration of macrophages, PMNL and lymphocytes of the trachea. The above cellular changes in combination with increased permeability of PMNL and blood lymphocyte lysosomal membranes correspond to the development in the lungs of catabolic alterative lesions, marked exudation, and suppurative-necrotic processes. The increase in the content of nucleoproteins and NAD-diaphorase and alkaline phosphatase activity and the decrease in the acid phosphatase activity are accompanied by activation of proliferation in the lungs.
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PMID:[Cyto-histochemical study of morphogenesis of experimental nonspecific pneumonia]. 741 96

Endogenous alkaline phosphatase activity has been localized histochemically on the surface of enteric neurons of the guinea-pig small intestine by both light and electron microscopy. The enzyme activity was associated with some myenteric neurons that had Dogiel type I morphology, and the histochemical reaction products typically formed a honeycomb-like structure on labelled cell bodies. No Dogiel type II neurons in the myenteric plexus or submucous neurons showed alkaline phosphatase reactivity. Nerve fibres reactive for alkaline phosphatase were present in the myenteric plexus and ran in bundles in the circular muscle and deep muscular plexus. In addition, reactive varicose axons supplied the submucous plexus and non-ganglionated plexus of the mucosa. The results of interruption of the enteric neuronal pathways demonstrated that alkaline phosphatase-reactive myenteric neurons project anally to other myenteric ganglia, to the circular muscle and to the submucous plexus. Sequential enzyme histochemistry showed that virtually all alkaline phosphatase-reactive neurons also contained nitric oxide synthase, revealed by NADPH-diaphorase reactivity. It was estimated that 14-18% of all myenteric neurons showed alkaline phosphatase reactivity. About one-third of nitric oxide synthase-containing myenteric neurons, however, did not contain alkaline phosphatase activity. At the ultrastructural level, alkaline phosphatase activity was associated specifically with the plasma membranes of nerve cell bodies, axons and dendrites of some myenteric neurons. Reactive nerve fibres made close appositions with non-reactive submucous neurons and, within myenteric ganglia, predominantly with other alkaline phosphatase-reactive neurons. In addition to its presence in neurons, alkaline phosphatase reactivity was also present in some endothelial cells in blood vessels in the submucosa and in capillary pericytes. It is concluded, on the basis of the projections and neurochemistry, that in the guinea-pig small intestine alkaline phosphatase activity is associated with nitric oxide synthase-containing neurons which include inhibitory motor neurons to the circular muscle, and anally-directed interneurons to other myenteric and submucous neurons.
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PMID:Characterization of alkaline phosphatase-reactive neurons in the guinea-pig small intestine. 753 94

The NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) reaction is frequently used to visualize the diaphorase activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). However, this tetrazolium salt procedure can be of limited specificity at sites where non-specific alkaline phosphatase (alP) and NADHd activity co-exist. This is shown in the present paper using methods of catalytic histochemistry for these three enzymes and levamisole as alP inhibitor for certain mouse tissues. In the urothelium, portio, vaginal and endometrial epithelium as well as in some smooth muscle cells alP hydrolyzes NADPH to NADH which in turn serves as substrate for NADHd leading to false-positive formazan production. To exclude this possibility, it is recommended always to include levamisole in the incubation medium if the NADPHd activity of NOS has to be investigated.
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PMID:Nonspecific alkaline phosphatase activity can be responsible for staining of NADPH-diaphorase activity in certain non-neural cells. 755 70


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