Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.6.99.1 (NADPH-diaphorase)
 3,903 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Interstrain differences in red blood cell enzyme activities were studied in mice (BALB/c, C57BL/6, C3H/He, DBA/2 and ddY) and rats (Donryu, F344/N, SD, Wistar and Wistar/ST), and were also compared with hamster, guinea-pig and rabbit. 2. The enzyme activities measured were: glutathione S-transferase (GST), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD), NADPH-diaphorase (ND), hexokinase (Hx), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). 3. There were marked variations in the activities of some red cell enzymes (e.g. GST, Hx, ND), while others (e.g. G-6-PD, 6-PGD) were much less variable both within different strains and species.
 ...
PMID:Interstrain differences in red cell enzyme activities in mice and rats. 178 55

DBA/2 mice have been reported to be more susceptible than C57BL/6 mice to the bone marrow toxic effects of two quinone-generating chemicals, benzo[a]pyrene and benzene. In this study we have investigated the activity of quinone reductase (QR) (NADPH:DT diaphorase), a quinone detoxifying enzyme, in whole bone marrow and bone marrow-derived stromal cells from these two strains of mice. The sensitivity of bone marrow-derived stromal cells to toxicity induced by several metabolites of benzene was also investigated. Whole bone marrow and primary cultures of stromal cells cultured from DBA/2 mice had a lower basal level of QR activity compared to those of C57Bl/6 mice and as such exhibited a greater sensitivity to the toxic effects of hydroquinone (HQ), a metabolite of benzene. However, there was no difference between the two strains of mice to benzoquinone- or phenol-induced toxicity. Increased QR activity in DBA/2 and C57Bl/6 stromal cells could be induced by prior stromal cell treatment with tert-butylhydroquinone which resulted in protection against subsequent hydroquinone treatment. Thus, differences in target organ QR activity may contribute to differential susceptibility to quinone-generating bone marrow toxins.
 ...
PMID:Differences in quinone reductase activity in primary bone marrow stromal cells derived from C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice. 234 85

This study was designed to assess the strain differences in pentobarbital toxicity, narcosis, the development of tolerance and physical dependence, the half-life of pentobarbital and the activities of hepatic microsomal electron transfer chain in DBA/2J, C57BL/6J and ICR mice. The comparisons of responses to acute pentobarbital-induced narcosis with two different doses revealed that DBA was most sensitive among these strains. When continuous administration of pentobarbital by pentobarbital pellet implantation is concerned, four criteria were used to assess strain differences: 1) determination of the duration of the loss of righting reflex during pentobarbital pellet implantation; 2) cumulative mortality after pentobarbital pellet implantation; 3) degree of tolerance development after 3 days of s.c. implantation of a 75-mg pentobarbital pellet by the relative decrease in the pentobarbital sleeping time; and 4) assessment of hyperexcitability by pentylenetetrazol- and audiogenic-induced seizures after pellet removal. The order of susceptibility to continuous pentobarbital pellet implantation was found to be as follows: DBA/2J > C57BL/6J > ICR. The biochemical data also revealed that the half-life of pentobarbital in DBA/2J mice was significantly longer than that of C57BL/6J or ICR mice in both brain and serum. Further studies also showed that DBA/2J mice have lower hepatic cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome b5 levels and NADPH dehydrogenase and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activities as compared with the other strains of mice. However, these parameters were markedly induced in DBA/2J mice after the development of tolerance to pentobarbital. It appears that the differences in genetic variation could be of importance for further studies in gaining insight of the mechanism of barbiturate tolerance and dependence.
 ...
PMID:Pharmacological responses to pentobarbital in different strains of mice. 719 35

We investigated the distribution of nitric oxide synthase-I (NOS-I) containing neurons within the neocortex of inbred mice belonging to the Balb/c, NMRI and DBA/2 strains which differ in learning and memory performance. The NOS-I positive neurons were detected immunohistochemically with antibodies against NOS-I and enzyme histochemically using their NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) activity. The qualitative and quantitative evaluation of cortical NADPH-d and NOS-I containing neurons revealed that more than 95% of these cells contained both enzymes. Therefore, we combined the NADPH-d with the WFA-staining to evaluate and parcellate at one section. The specific differences in learning and memory tasks of the three mouse strains have been tested in previous studies. Our investigation test the hypothesis that differences in various aspects of eight-arm radial maze learning are associated with differences in the density of NOS-I positive neurons in cytoarchitectonically and functionally identified cortical areas. We found an increased density of NADPH-d neurons within the whole neocortex in the DBA/2 strain, which reached a lower learning score than the Balb/c and NMRI strains. Significantly higher densities of NADPH-d neurons appeared in the areas of the gustatory cortex, the piriform cortex, the entorhinal cortex and in area 1 of the temporal cortex in DBA/2 mice. A negative correlation exists between the learning scores and the number of NADPH-d positive neurons. If NOS-I activity influences spatial learning as determined in the eight-arm radial maze, the areas with strongly elevated NADPH-d positive neurons may demarcate task-related cortical areas affected in mice with a reduced learning capacity.
 ...
PMID:The distribution of nitric oxide synthase-I and NADPH-diaphorase containing neurons in the cerebral cortex of different strains of mice and its association with learning and memory. 967 12

The medial preoptic nucleus (MPO), which is involved in sexual and maternal behaviors, contains neuronal clusters that have been described as being sexually dimorphic in size and neuropeptide content in a variety of species. A subnucleus in DBA/2J (D2) inbred mice, called the pars compacta of the MPO (MPOpc), is absent in C57BL/6J (B6) inbred mice (Robinson et al. [1985] J. Neurogenet. 2:381-388). We report here on experiments that further characterize strain and sex differences in medial preoptic morphology in D2 and B6 inbred mice. A prominent MPOpc, located within the caudal part of the MPO and dorsal to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, was present in both male and female D2 animals but was absent from B6 animals. MPOpc neurons were darkly stained for Nissl substance and larger than neurons in the surrounding MPO. In D2 brains, galanin-immunoreactive (-ir), oxytocin-ir, vasopressin-ir, and NADPH diaphorase-positive neurons were concentrated within the MPOpc. Fewer similar neurons in the comparable region of the MPO of B6 mice suggests that the absence of the MPOpc is due to absence of these neurons rather than a less compact organization. In D2 animals, the density of galanin-ir neurons in the MPOpc was sexually dimorphic, with higher numbers of galanin-ir neurons in females. Strain differences in galanin-ir, oxytocin-ir, vasopressin-ir, and NADPH diaphorase staining appeared to be limited to the MPOpc. Cholecystokinin-immunoreactive neurons, which have been reported to be numerous in the sexually dimorphic central subdivision of the MPO of rats, were sparse in the MPO of D2 and B6 mice. Confirmation of the MPOpc as an accessory magnocellular neurosecretory nucleus was obtained by finding labeling of MPOpc neurons after injection of DiI into the posterior pituitary.
 ...
PMID:Strain and sex differences in the morphology of the medial preoptic nucleus of mice. 1106 65