Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.6.99.1 (NADPH-diaphorase)
 3,903 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study examined the effects of two stabilised analogues of TRH, RX 77368 and CG 3509, in a rat cerebral ischaemia model produced by unilateral occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. The analogues were given intraventricularly after artery occlusion. The extent of the cortical ischaemia was evaluated after 10 days by somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) recording, followed by tetrazolium staining of brain slices for NADH-diaphorase activity. RX 77368 (2 X 10 micrograms; 15 min, 24 h) significantly improved the survival rate, protected the SEP and reduced the area of infarct. In contrast, neither a smaller dose of RX 77368 (2 X 3 micrograms) nor a 4 h delay in the treatment had any significant beneficial effects. Although CG 3509 (2 X 10 micrograms) resulted in an apparent improvement in survival, its overall effects were not statistically significant. The findings indicate that stabilised TRH analogues may have beneficial effects when given to animals with focal cerebral ischaemia.
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PMID:The effects of TRH analogues on cerebral ischaemia produced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. 313 37

Many gastrointestinal and pancreatic functions are under strong modulatory control by the brain via the vagus nerve. To start identifying location and neurochemical phenotype of the enteric neurons receiving functional vagal efferent input, we activated vagal preganglionic neurons either by electrical or chemical stimulation and examined the expression of phosphorylated CREB (c-AMP response element binding protein) and the immediate early gene c-Fos. There was no spontaneous expression of both markers in the pancreas and considerable spontaneous expression of p-CREB but not Fos in the upper GI-tract. Unilateral electrical vagal stimulation-induced p-CREB was found in 40% of neurons in the head of the pancreas. Fos expression was found in 70-90% of neurons in the esophagus and stomach, in 20-30% of myenteric plexus neurons and 5-15% in submucosal neurons of the proximal duodenum. Double-labeling experiments showed that a majority of pancreatic neurons and about 25-35% of neurons in the stomach and duodenum contain NADPH-diaphorase and that many of these receive functional vagal input. Other neurons that can be vagally activated contain gastrin-releasing peptide or calretinin. Chemical stimulation of the dorsal surface of the caudal brainstem with the stable TRH analog RX77368 resulted in selective activation of vagal efferents with expression of Fos in a small number of gastric myenteric plexus neurons. The results demonstrate the suitability of this method to investigate magnitude and local distribution of vagal input to the enteric nervous system as well as specificity of its neurochemically coded pathways. They represent the first step in the identification of function-specific units of parasympathetic vagal outflow.
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PMID:Vagal-enteric interface: vagal activation-induced expression of c-Fos and p-CREB in neurons of the upper gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. 1114 26