Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.6.99.1 (NADPH-diaphorase)
 3,903 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Estrogen has been implicated in brain function related to stress responses. We investigated whether estrogen affects psychological stress-induced activation of peptide-containing or nitric oxide-producing neurons in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, both placebo-treated (OVX + Pla) and estrogen-treated (OVX + E2) by comparison of c-Fos expression using immunohistochemistry. Cage-switch stress increased activation in oxytocinergic neurons in the parvocellular PVN (pPVN) in OVX + Pla, but not in that of OVX + E2, rats. Moreover, the stress-induced activation in NADPH-diaphorase-positive neurons in the pPVN was larger in the OVX + E2 than in the OVX + Pla group. These findings suggest that estrogen attenuates the activation of oxytocinergic neurons in the pPVN, at least in part via nitric oxide.
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PMID:Effects of estrogen on stress-induced activation of peptide neurons in PVN of ovariectomized rats. 1912 96

Emotional stress can be viewed as a cause of adverse circumstances that induces a wide range of biochemical and behavioural changes. Oxidative stress is a critical route of damage in various psychological stress-induced disorders such as depression. Antidepressants are widely prescribed to treat these conditions; however, no animal study has investigated the effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species in peripheral blood leucocytes of stressed mice. In this study, mice were immobilized for a period of 6 hr. Fluoxetine (5 mg/kg of body-weight) was administered 30 min. before subjecting the animals to acute stress. The level of intracellular reactive oxygen species in leucocytes of the peripheral blood of stressed mice was investigated using a 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate probe, and the antioxidant response of fluoxetine was evaluated by superoxide dismutase, diaphorase, catalase and reduced glutathione. Our results show that restraint stress significantly increases the generation of reactive oxygen species in the peripheral defence cells. Treatment with fluoxetine partially reverses the adverse effects of stress. The improvement in cellular oxidative status may be an important mechanism underlying the protective pharmacological effects of fluoxetine, which are clinically observed in the treatment of depressive disorders.
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PMID:Effects of fluoxetine on the oxidative status of peripheral blood leucocytes of restraint-stressed mice. 2162 59

Psychological stress is an important perpetuating, worsening and risk factor for temporomandibular disorders of muscular or articular origin. Occlusion instability, by the way, is considered a risk factor of this pathology and can be reproduced in some experimental animal models. The exact physiologic mechanism underlying these relations however, remains unclear. Our purpose was to test the hypothesis that chronic stress and unilateral exodontia induce metabolic and vascular changes in the medial pterygoid muscle of rats. Adult Wistar rats were submitted to chronic unpredictable stress and/or unilateral exodontia and their plasma and medial pterygoid muscle were removed for analysis. The parameters evaluated included plasma levels of corticosterone, metabolic activity by succinate dehydrogenase, oxidative capacity by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase, capillary density by laminin and alfa-CD staining and reactive oxidative species production. Chronic unpredictable stress as an isolated factor, increased oxidative metabolism, capillary density and reactive oxygen species production at medial pterygoid muscle. Conversely, exodontia has a main effect in metabolism, promoting glycolytic transformation of muscle fibers. Association of both factors induced a major glycolytic pattern in muscle and vascular changes. Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms, possibly inducing metabolic and vascular alterations on medial pterygoid muscle of rats, by which chronic stress and occlusal instabilities might be involved as risk factors in the pathophysiology of temporomandibular disorders with muscular components.
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PMID:Metabolic and vascular pattern in medial pterygoid muscle is altered by chronic stress in an animal model of hypodontia. 2927