Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.6.5.4 (SOR)
 720 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Phagolysates obtained in passage of the virulent phage CA1 on M+ SOR+-cultures of streptococcus, serotype 22, offered a possibility of transduction of the M22+-sign to M-SOR--strains of serotype T12. Transductants were selected in direct bactericidal test with subsequent determination of their type in the indirect bactericidal test with homo- and heterologous immune sera. The UV-lysates of the lysogenic M+ SOR+-cultures of serotypes 4, 22, and 49 offered a possibility of transducing both signs conjointly. In this case transductants were selected by the SOR-phenotype in the dishes with serum agar. All the transductants retained the T-serotype of the recipient's strain and segregated M-- and SOR--clones with high frequency. There were for the first time obtained in streptococcus of group A proofs of transduction of M+- and SOR+-signs pointing to their determination by different, but closely conjoint genes. Conditions of the marker transduction, selection and study of transductant were chosen, they opened new possibilities for genetic analysis of the virulence of streptococcus, group A.
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PMID:Transduction of M+- and SOR+-markers in group A streptococci. 34 15

We have shown that exposure of rats to neonatal handling/maternal separation results in mossy fiber axon hypoplasia in field CA3 of the hippocampus. To better understand the molecular basis of this neuroanatomical alteration, the present study examined three developmentally regulated protein kinase C substrate mRNAs that are highly expressed in hippocampal granule cells during mossy fiber outgrowth: GAP-43, a presynaptic substrate implicated in axonal outgrowth, RC3 (neurogranin), a postsynaptic substrate implicated in calmodulin signaling, and MARCKS-like protein (MLP), which binds calmodulin and filamentous actin in neurons and glial cells. mRNA expression was examined by quantitative in situ hybridization in the developing [postnatal day 7 (P7), P13, P21, and P90] hippocampus (CA1, CA3, granule cells) in Long-Evans hooded rats: (1) reared under normal animal facility (AFR) conditions, (2) subjected to brief (15 min/day, HMS15), or (3) subjected to moderate (180 min/day) handling/maternal separation (HMS180) on P2-14. RC3 mRNA expression was consistently elevated in all of the hippocampal cell fields in HMS180 rats relative to HMS15 and/or AFR rats over postnatal development, but did not differ from HMS15 rats in adulthood. In contrast, neither GAP-43 mRNA nor MLP mRNA expression differed among AFR, HMS15, or HMS180 rats at any postnatal time point. Elevations in RC3 expression would be predicted to perturb calcium-calmodulin signaling that may, in turn, impair the formation and/or maintenance of mossy fiber-CA3 synapses during postnatal development.
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PMID:Postnatal maternal separation elevates the expression of the postsynaptic protein kinase C substrate RC3, but not presynaptic GAP-43, in the developing rat hippocampus. 1269 86

Early maternal separation has been shown in animal models to produce enduring morphological changes in the hippocampus and other brain structures, which may not become evident until adulthood. Postnatally, the trajectory of overproduction and pruning of axons, dendrites, synapses and receptors shapes the brain between puberty and adulthood. The objective of the study was to ascertain whether this normal trajectory was affected by repeated maternal separation. Rat pups were separated from their mother for 4 h a day between postnatal days 2 and 20 (ISO group), and compared to rat pups that remained with their mother in the animal facilities (AFR group) and were exposed to minimal handling. Immunoreactivity to synaptophysin was quantified in the hippocampus CA1 and CA3, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex using optical densitometry (OD) at 25, 40, 60, 80, and 100 days in male and female rats. Synaptophysin OD increased dramatically in CA1 and CA3 between 25 and 60 days in the AFR group and fell by the same degree between 60 and 100 days, showing the expected sequence of overproduction and pruning. No difference between groups in synaptophysin OD was observed at 25 and 40 days. However, at day 60 synaptophysin was 34-36% lower in CA1 and CA3 of the ISO group, and remained 24-26% lower at 100 days. Early isolation produced no enduring reduction in synaptophysin OD in the amygdala or prefrontal cortex. Overall, these results suggest that early maternal separation produced a regionally specific delayed effect on the structure of the hippocampus by attenuating rates of synaptic development.
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PMID:Delayed effects of early stress on hippocampal development. 1531 69