Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.6.5.4 (SOR)
 720 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Early life stress is associated with dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and with aspects involved in drug abuse. In this study, we investigated the effects of brief (BMS) and long maternal separation (LMS) on the HPA axis response and behavioural sensitization to ethanol (EtOH) in male and female mice. From PND 2 to 14, pups were subjected to daily maternal separation for 15 min (BMS) or 180 min (LMS) or no separated, only handled during cage cleaning (animal facility rearing-AFR). As adults, animals were treated every other day with saline (SAL) or EtOH (2.2g/kg), i.p., for 10 days, and immediately after each administration, their locomotor response was evaluated for 15 min. Forty-eight hours after the 5th administration, all animals were challenged with saline, followed 48 h later, by an EtOH challenge. Corticosterone (CORT) plasma levels were determined 3 times: basal, after the 1st administration and after the EtOH challenge. LMS females showed higher CORT levels than BMS females at basal, but not in response to acute or chronic EtOH administration. The CORT response to EtOH was more robust in LMS and BMS male than AFR male mice. Repeated EtOH treatment induced behavioural sensitization in all groups of male mice. In females, LMS induced a faster sensitization, although BMS females also exhibited behavioural sensitization (4th day and 5th day of treatment, respectively). In conclusion, LMS and BMS produced gender-dependent effects. In females, LMS and BMS facilitated the development of behavioural sensitization, but in the LMS group this effect occurred faster, which may represent increased vulnerability to drug abuse. Moreover, LMS females showed higher basal CORT levels compared to BMS. In males, LMS and BMS increased the CORT response to EtOH but did not modify behavioural sensitization. Therefore, we postulate that LMS female mice exhibited a faster development of behavioural sensitization, but CORT levels were not involved with this effect.
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PMID:Long maternal separation accelerates behavioural sensitization to ethanol in female, but not in male mice. 1767 71

Whether adolescent exposure to chronic delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) facilitates progression to opioid consumption is still controversial. In a maternal deprivation model (3 h daily from postnatal day 1-14), we previously reported that adolescent exposure to chronic THC blocks morphine dependence in maternally deprived (D) rats. Owing to the existence of a functional cross-interaction between the opioid and cannabinoid systems in reward, we evaluated if the vulnerability to opiate reward in D rats, may involve an alteration of the endocannabinoid system. Anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), were quantified in the striatum and mesencephalon of adolescent and adult D and non-deprived (animal facility rearing, AFR) rats by isotope dilution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Oral morphine self-administration behavior was analyzed for 14 weeks, 24 days after chronic injection of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist/inverse agonist, SR141716A (3 mg/kg) for 2 weeks during adolescence (PND 35-48). Adolescent D rats exhibited higher basal levels of anandamide than adolescent AFR rats in the nucleus accumbens (38%), the caudate-putamen nucleus (62%) and the mesencephalon (320%), whereas adult D rats showed an increase of anandamide and 2-AG levels in the nucleus accumbens (50% and 24%, respectively) and of 2-AG in the caudate-putamen nucleus (48%), compared to adult AFR rats. Chronic administration of SR141716A to adolescent D rats blocked the escalation behavior in the morphine consumption test. Our data suggest that altered brain endocannabinoid levels may contribute to the escalation behavior in the morphine consumption test in a maternal deprivation model.
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PMID:Possible involvement of endocannabinoids in the increase of morphine consumption in maternally deprived rat. 2308 38