Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.6.5.4 (SOR)
 720 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Early life stress is associated with dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and with aspects involved in drug abuse. In this study, we investigated the effects of brief (BMS) and long maternal separation (LMS) on the HPA axis response and behavioural sensitization to ethanol (EtOH) in male and female mice. From PND 2 to 14, pups were subjected to daily maternal separation for 15 min (BMS) or 180 min (LMS) or no separated, only handled during cage cleaning (animal facility rearing-AFR). As adults, animals were treated every other day with saline (SAL) or EtOH (2.2g/kg), i.p., for 10 days, and immediately after each administration, their locomotor response was evaluated for 15 min. Forty-eight hours after the 5th administration, all animals were challenged with saline, followed 48 h later, by an EtOH challenge. Corticosterone (CORT) plasma levels were determined 3 times: basal, after the 1st administration and after the EtOH challenge. LMS females showed higher CORT levels than BMS females at basal, but not in response to acute or chronic EtOH administration. The CORT response to EtOH was more robust in LMS and BMS male than AFR male mice. Repeated EtOH treatment induced behavioural sensitization in all groups of male mice. In females, LMS induced a faster sensitization, although BMS females also exhibited behavioural sensitization (4th day and 5th day of treatment, respectively). In conclusion, LMS and BMS produced gender-dependent effects. In females, LMS and BMS facilitated the development of behavioural sensitization, but in the LMS group this effect occurred faster, which may represent increased vulnerability to drug abuse. Moreover, LMS females showed higher basal CORT levels compared to BMS. In males, LMS and BMS increased the CORT response to EtOH but did not modify behavioural sensitization. Therefore, we postulate that LMS female mice exhibited a faster development of behavioural sensitization, but CORT levels were not involved with this effect.
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PMID:Long maternal separation accelerates behavioural sensitization to ethanol in female, but not in male mice. 1767 71

Prolonged and repeated periods of maternal separation produce behavioral phenotype of increased vulnerability to neuropsychiatric disorders and drug abuse. Most of the changes in behavior, corticosterone (CORT) and monoamine levels induced by long maternal separation (LMS) are observed after a challenge, but not in basal conditions. LMS increases ethanol-induced locomotor response and self-administration, possibly due to changes in CORT release and/or monoamine concentrations. This study examined the effects of LMS in association with chronic ethanol treatment on plasma CORT and brain monoamine concentrations in male and female Swiss mice, which were kept undisturbed (animal facility rearing - AFR) or separated from their mothers for 3h/day, from 2 to 14 days of age (LMS). As adults, one set of male and female mice received no drug treatment to assess the effect of LMS per se. Another set of animals received saline injections for 20 days and one ethanol injection (2.2g/kg, i.p.) on day 21 (acute) or ethanol for 21 days (chronic). Locomotor activity, plasma CORT levels and monoamines in the frontal cortex, striatum and hippocampus of AFR and LMS mice were evaluated in non-treated, acute and chronic ethanol-treated animals. In non-treated mice, no differences were found in CORT or locomotor activity, with small changes in monoamines content. In LMS females, chronic ethanol increased dopamine and serotonin concentrations in the frontal cortex, relative to acute ethanol LMS and to chronic ethanol-treated AFR groups (p<0.05). In LMS males, chronic ethanol increased hippocampal noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin and metabolites when compared to respective AFR controls, as well as acute LMS. Moreover, chronic ethanol treatment resulted in higher CORT concentrations in LMS than in AFR males. Overall, these results indicate that LMS mice were more susceptible to the effects of chronic ethanol administration on CORT and brain monoamine concentrations, and that these effects were sex-dependent.
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PMID:Sex-dependent effects of maternal separation on plasma corticosterone and brain monoamines in response to chronic ethanol administration. 2399 81