Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.6.5.2 (NQO1)
6,196 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The response of rat gastrocnemius muscle fibers to chronic streptozotocindiabetes was studied. Transverse sections of this muscle from normal and diabetic rats were histochemically assayed for reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide-diaphorase, myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase, mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase activities. Cross-sectional areas of the fiber types were measured, and fiber capillarization and populations estimated. Chemically-induced diabetes appeared to have little effect on the metabolic or morphological properties of slow-twitch fibers. However, a general dedifferentiation occurred in the 2 fast-twitch fiber populations. There was a loss of oxidative potential in the fast-twitch-oxidative-glycolytic fibers, and a significant decrease in size in the fast-twitch-glycolytic fibers. No change in the proportions of slow- and fast-twitch fibers in the muscles of diabetic rats occurred. It is concluded that hypoinsulinism has differential effects on the 3 fiber types in heterogeneous rat skeletal muscle, and that slow-twitch fibers are least affected by the diabetic condition.
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PMID:Histochemical properties of skeletal muscle fibers in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. 12 6

The masseter muscles of different mammals were studied by means of hisotchemical reactions: NADH: Nitro BT oxidoreductase (NADHOX), 3-hydroxybutyrate: NAD+ oxidoreductase (HBOX), glycerol-3-phosphate: menadione oxidoreductase (GPOX), and acid-stable and alkali-stable myosin adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase). The masseter mucles of cattle and sheep consisted only of the fibres that reacted moderately for GPOX and strongly for NADHOX, HBOX, and the acid-stable ATPase. The masseter fibres of rats and guinea pigs reacted uniformly and strongly for GPOX and the alkali-stable ATPase. The fibres of the rats showed a weak to strong reaction for NADHOX and mostly a negative reaction for HBOX, whereas those of the guinea pigs reacted uniformly and strongly for NADHOX and HBOX.The masseter fibres of swine and dogs showed a weak or strong reaction for the alkali-stable and a negative or weak reation for HBOX. The fibres of the swine were weak to strong in NADHOX activity and those of the dogs uniformly strong; the fibres of the two species gave a moderate to strong reaction for GPOX. The masseter fibres of the ruminant differed from those of the other species in histochemical properties, and appeared to have the histochemical characteristics that meed functional demands for slow, long-term exercise.
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PMID:A comparative histochemical study of the masseter muscle of the cattle, sheep, swine, dog, guinea pig, and rat. 13 87

The histochemical profiles of myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase (NADDase), and phosphorylase (Pase) activities were studied in the respiratory muscles of the chicken. Most respiratory muscles contained fibers exhibiting 18 possible combinations of staining reactions (dark or light ATPase; dark, intermediate, or light NADDase; dark, intermediate, or light Pase). Fibers that stained light for ATPase constituted as little as 10% of the total population in rectus abdominis, but as much as 32% of the total in costosternalis pars major. Those fibers did not tend to be smaller than fibers that stained dark for ATPase in the respiratory muscles as a group. Assuming these staining characteristics are correlated with functional properties of the fibers, as they are in mammals, the majority of the fibers should contract rapidly (dark ATPase) and be fatigue resistant (dark and intermediate NADDase).
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PMID:Histochemical studies of respiratory muscles of chicken. 14 96

Cytochrome-deficient cells of a strain of Escherichia coli lacking 5-amino-levulinate synthetase have been used to study proton translocation associated with the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase region of the electron transport chain. Menadione was used as electron acceptor, and mannitol was used as the substrate for the generation of intracellular NADH. The effects of iron deficiency on NADH- and D-lactate-menadione reductase activities were studied in iron-deficient cells of a mutant strain unable to synthesize the iron chelator enterochelin; both activities were reduced. The NADH- menadione reductase activity in cytochrome-deficient cells was associated with proton translocation and could be coupled to the uptake of proline. However proton translocation associated with the NADH-menadione reductase activity was prevented by a mutation in an unc gene. It was concluded that there is no proton translocation associated with the NADH-dehydrogenase region of the electron transport chain in E. coli and that the proton translocation obtained with mannitol as substrate is due to the activity of membrane-bound adenosine triphosphatase.
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PMID:Proton translocation in cytochrome-deficient mutants of Escherichia coli. 15 8

Fibre types in 11 skeletal muscles from New Zealand White rabbits were differentiated on the basis of histochemical staining reactions for Ca2+-adenosine triphosphatase (Ca2+ATPase) at pH 9-4, cytochrome oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase and L-glycerol-3-phosphate:menadione oxidoreductase activities. Using these enzyme reactions it was convenient to divide muscle fibres into three main categories in 'white' muscles and two in 'red' muscles. Between weaning and early maturity most muscles showed little change in fibre type composition, particularly when Ca2+-ATPase activity was used as the criterion. Many muscles showed an uneven distribution of fibre types in transverse sections; this was particularly so in the cases of longissimus, semitendinosus, soleus and semimembranosus proprius. The methods successful in resolving fibre types in mature muscles were not so capable of resolving fibre types in neonatal muscles.
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PMID:An estimation of the fibre type compostion of eleven skeletal muscles from New Zealand White rabbits between weaning and early maturity. 19 5

Components of membranes isolated from Spiroplasma citri and corn stunt spiroplasma grown at 28 degrees C were analyzed. On a protein basis, lipid phosphorus was lower and cholesterol was higher in S. citri. Only minor differences between the two species were found in fatty acid composition, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase, and adenosine triphosphatase.
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PMID:Comparison of the membrane composition of Spiroplasma citri and the corn stunt Spiroplasma. 42 10

The dermal cells in grey, xanthic, and white goldfish integuments were cytochemically characterized for the following enzymatic activities: tyrosinase, DOPA-oxidase, cytochrome oxidase, monoamine oxidase, peroxidase, non-specific esterase, cholinesterase, NAD-diaphorase, NADP-diaphorase, aryl sulfatase, nucleotide phosphodiesterase, beta-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, thiamine pyrophosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, aldolase, as well as succinate, malate, isocitrate, glutamate, glucose-6-phosphate, 6-phosphogluconate, alpha-glycerophosphate, alcohol, lactate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenases. It was found that the epidermis was a significant barrier to the access of cytochemical reaction substrates. Removal of the epidermal barrier provided dermal cell localizations of enzymatic activities which were reproducible. Further, alterations in reaction times and temperatures from the mammalian methodology provided conditions fe various integumental cells were compared for possible interrelationships. The basic foundations for future work with the dermis of poikilothermic vertebrates on an experimental basis were established. In addition, a previously undescribed non-pigmented dermal cell, the "x"-cell, was found to have enzymatic characteristics similar to both melanophores and lipophores. The "x"-cell may be the common precursor of both types of pigment cells.
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PMID:Cytochemical characterization of goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) dermis with special reference to the pigment cells. 82 86

In vitro alterations induced by a 10 micrograms/ml and 50 micrograms/ml dose each of thiophenate and fenbendazole on the absorptive surfaces of Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) were studied. The most significant changes were induced in the gut epithelium. Alkaline phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase activities were decreased, succinic dehydrogenase activity was increased, while acid phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase were completely lost from the intestinal epithelium after treatment with either of the drugs. A stimulatory effect of these two anthelmintics was observe on lactic dehydrogenase and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase distribution. Thiophenate caused an increase in the activities of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) and nonspecific esterases and a decrease in reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-D) activity. Fenbendazole treatment led to the inhibition of GDH, while G-6-PD, NADPH-D, cytochrome oxidase, monoamine oxidase and nonspecific esterase activity remained unaltered in the epithelium.
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PMID:Histoenzymic effects of thiophenate and fenbendazole on the absorptive surfaces of Haemonchus contortus. 133 82

Haemonchus contortus, incubated in 10 micrograms/ml and 50 micrograms/ml concentrations of Nilzan and albendazole in Tyrode solution were stained for histoenzymatic demonstration of various phosphatases, oxido-reductases and esterases. The intestine showed major alterations after drug treatments. The alkaline phosphatases (AkPase), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), glucose-6-phosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase showed a decreased activity in intestine after Nilzan treatment, whereas lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) and monoamine oxidase resisted increased reaction. The albendazole treatment resulted in altered distribution pattern of the AkPase, ATPase, SDH, and GDH; while LDH, G-6-PD, and non-specific esterases exhibited slightly enhanced activity in the epithelium. The functional significance of these changes has been fully discussed.
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PMID:Effect of Nilzan and albendazole on the absorptive surfaces of Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda)--a histoenzymic study. 196 79

We have attempted to develop an objective, semiquantitative classification of fiber types in turtle neck and limb muscle using microphotometry and multivariate statistical techniques. We first stained serial sections for myosin adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) (with acid and alkaline preincubation and without preincubation), NADH-diaphorase, and two glycolysis-associated markers, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPDH) and glycogen phosphorylase A (GPA). This allowed us to characterize individual muscle fibers in terms of their contraction speed and metabolic properties. Next we used microphotometry to measure the optical density of the reaction product in each fiber, and we subjected the resulting optical density matrix to cluster and discriminant function analyses in order to assign fibers to groups (fiber types) and to determine which stains contribute most to the distinction between groups. As a control, we processed a well characterized mammalian muscle (rat sternomastoid) simultaneously. Our results suggest that both neck and limb muscle in Pseudemys can best be described as falling into three groups: 1) slow oxidative (SO) fibers; 2) fast oxidative glycolytic (FOG) fibers, with relatively high oxidative and glycolytic capacities; and 3) fast glycolytic (Fg) fibers, with low oxidative, low/intermediate alpha-GPDH, and high GPA activities. These three fiber types differ from like-named types in rat muscle both in the pH lability of their myosins and in their metabolic profiles.
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PMID:Histochemical classification of neck and limb muscle fibers in a turtle, Pseudemys scripta: a study using microphotometry and cluster analysis techniques. 246 78


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