Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.6.5.2 (NQO1)
 6,196 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present study investigates the prophylactic effect of Nymphaea alba against ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA)-induced renal oxidative stress, hyperproliferative response and renal carcinogenesis in Wistar rats. Treatment with Fe-NTA (9 mg Fe/kg body weight, intraperitoneally) enhanced iron-ascorbate-induced renal lipid peroxidation, xanthine oxidase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation with reduction in renal glutathione content, antioxidant enzymes, viz., glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and phase-II metabolising enzymes such as glutathione-S-transferase and quinone reductase. It also elevated the levels of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and thymidine [3H] incorporation into renal DNA. It also enhanced DEN-initiated renal carcinogenesis by increasing the percentage incidence of renal tumors. Treatment of rats orally with N. alba (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) resulted in significant decrease in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, lipid peroxidation, xanthine oxidase, H2O2 generation, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, renal ODC activity, DNA synthesis (p < 0.001) and incidence of tumors. Renal glutathione content (p < 0.01), glutathione metabolizing enzymes (p < 0.001) and antioxidant enzymes were also recovered to significant level (p < 0.001). Thus, our results show that N. alba is a potent chemopreventive agent and suppresses Fe-NTA-induced oxidative stress, hyperproliferative response and renal carcinogenesis in Wistar rats.
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PMID:Anticarcinogenic effect of Nymphaea alba against oxidative damage, hyperproliferative response and renal carcinogenesis in Wistar rats. 1588 50

Ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) is a well-known renal carcinogen. In this communication, we show the chemopreventive effect of Ficus racemosa extract against Fe-NTA-induced renal oxidative stress, hyperproliferative response and renal carcinogenesis in rats. Fe-NTA (9 mg Fe/kg body weight, intraperitoneally) enhances renal lipid peroxidation, xanthine oxidase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) generation with reduction in renal glutathione content, antioxidant enzymes, viz., glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and phase-II metabolising enzymes such as glutathione-S-transferase and quinone reductase. It also enhances blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and thymidine [(3)H] incorporation into renal DNA. It also enhances DEN (N-diethylnitrosamine) initiated renal carcinogenesis by increasing the percentage incidence of tumors. Treatment of rats orally with F. racemosa extract (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) resulted in significant decrease in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, lipid peroxidation, xanthine oxidase, H(2)O(2) generation, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, renal ODC activity, DNA synthesis (P<0.001) and incidence of tumors. Renal glutathione content (P<0.01), glutathione metabolizing enzymes (P<0.001) and antioxidant enzymes were also recovered to significant level (P<0.001). Thus, our data suggests that F. racemosa extract is a potent chemopreventive agent and suppresses Fe-NTA-induced renal carcinogenesis and oxidative damage response in Wistar rats.
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PMID:Chemomodulatory effect of Ficus racemosa extract against chemically induced renal carcinogenesis and oxidative damage response in Wistar rats. 1588 7

Understanding the molecular pathway(s) of antioxidant gene regulation is of crucial importance for developing antioxidant-inducing agents for the intervention of oxidative cardiac disorders. Accordingly, this study was undertaken to determine the role of Nrf2 signaling in the basal expression as well as the chemical inducibility of endogenous antioxidants and phase 2 enzymes in cardiac fibroblasts. The basal expression of a scope of key cellular antioxidants and phase 2 enzymes was significantly lower in cardiac fibroblasts derived from Nrf2-/- mice than those from wild type control. These include catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), GSH S-transferase (GST), and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1). Incubation of Nrf2+/+ cardiac fibroblasts with 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (D3T) led to a significant induction of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, GSH, GR, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), GST, and NQO1. The inducibility of SOD, catalase, GSH, GR, GST, and NQO1, but not GPx by D3T was completely abolished in Nrf2-/- cells. The Nrf2-/- cardiac fibroblasts were much more sensitive to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species-mediated cytotoxicity. Upregulation of antioxidants and phase 2 enzymes by D3T in Nrf2+/+ cardiac fibroblasts resulted in a dramatically increased resistance to the above species-induced cytotoxicity. In contrast, D3T-treatment of the Nrf2-/- cells only provided a slight cytoprotection. Taken together, this study demonstrates for the first time that Nrf2 is critically involved in the regulation of the basal expression and chemical induction of a number of antioxidants and phase 2 enzymes in cardiac fibroblasts, and is an important factor in controlling cardiac cellular susceptibility to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species-induced cytotoxicity.
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PMID:Role of Nrf2 signaling in regulation of antioxidants and phase 2 enzymes in cardiac fibroblasts: protection against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species-induced cell injury. 1589 89

Diabetes-induced erectile dysfunction is one of the most prevalent complications of diabetes in males. alpha-Lipoic acid (ALA) and its reduced form, dihydrolipoic acid, are powerful antioxidants. Data strongly suggest that, because of its antioxidant properties, ALA is particularly suited to the prevention and/or treatment of diabetic complications that arise from overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen. The aim of this study was to investigate the localization of nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) in normal and diabetic rat cavernous smooth muscles and to examine the effects of ALA on them. Rats were divided into four groups: control, diabetic, diabetic plus ALA, and ALA only. Penile tissues were taken 15 days after drug application and examined histochemically and immunohistochemically. Comparison of the control and diabetic groups revealed that the axons of nerve cells were not identified with Masson trichrome in the diabetic group, whereas in the control group NOS localization and immunostaining (endothelial NOS [eNOS]) were normal. Diabetic rats administered ALA showed improvement in Masson trichrome, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d) and eNOS localization compared with untreated diabetic rats. Although there was no difference between the control group and the group administered ALA only, we observed an increase in NADPH-d and eNOS. In erection, eNOS and neuronal NOS (nNOS) may have a significant role. In pathologic conditions, erectile dysfunction may occur as a result of an increase in inducible macrophage-type NOS (iNOS). ALA plays an important role in treatment of erectile dysfunction by decreasing iNOS and increasing other isoforms of NOS.
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PMID:The effects of alpha-lipoic acid on nitric oxide synthetase dispersion in penile function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 1637 81

The mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system in plants possesses a variety of alternative pathways that decrease respiratory ATP production. These alternative pathways are mediated by three classes of bypass proteins: the type II NAD(P)H dehydrogenases (which circumvent complex I of the electron transport chain), the alternative oxidases (AOXs; which circumvent complexes III and IV) and the uncoupling proteins (which circumvent ATP synthase). We have monitored the expression of all genes encoding respiratory bypass proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana growing with different sources of inorganic nitrogen (N). Resupply of nitrate (NO) to N-limited seedling cultures caused a decrease in the transcript abundance of several type II NAD(P)H dehydrogenase and AOX genes, while resupply of ammonium (NH) led to broad increases in expression in the same gene families. Similar results were observed upon switching between nitrate and ammonium in the absence of N stress. Nitrate signalling was found to be mediated primarily by the nitrate ion itself, whereas ammonium regulation was dependent upon assimilation and affected by changes in apoplastic pH. Corresponding alterations in alternative respiratory pathway capacities were apparent in seedlings supplied with either nitrate or ammonium as an N source and in mitochondria purified from the seedlings. Specifically, AOX capacity and protein abundance, as well as calcium-dependent external NADH oxidation, were substantially elevated after growth on ammonium. The increased capacity of respiratory bypass pathways after switching from nitrate to ammonium was correlated to an overall respiratory increase.
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PMID:Reorganization of the alternative pathways of the Arabidopsis respiratory chain by nitrogen supply: opposing effects of ammonium and nitrate. 1646 May 11

An intracellular, soluble 1,4-benzoquinone reductase was purified from agitated cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and characterized. The quinone reductase was expressed in cultures grown under both nitrogen-sufficient and nitrogen-limiting (12 and 1.2 mM ammonium tartrate) conditions. The protein was purified to homogeneity by using ammonium sulfate fractionation, hydrophobic interaction, and ion-exchange and blue-agarose affinity chromatographies. The native flavin mononucleotide-containing protein, pI 4.3, has a molecular mass of 44 kDa as determined by gel filtration. The protein has a subunit molecular mass of ;sim22 kDa as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The quinone reductase exhibits a broad pH optimum between 5.0 and 6.5 and a temperature optimum of 30(deg)C. The enzyme catalyzes the two-electron reduction of several quinones and other electron acceptors utilizing either NADH or NADPH as an electron donor. The apparent K(infm) for 2-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone is 2.4 (mu)M, and the apparent k(infcat) is 4.4 x 10(sup5) s(sup-1). Enzyme activity is strongly inhibited by Cibacron blue 3GA and by dicumarol.
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PMID:Purification and Characterization of a 1,4-Benzoquinone Reductase from the Basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium. 1653 4

Severely Ca-deficient Triticum aestivum L. seedlings accumulated high levels of nitrite and moderate levels of nitrate and organic nitrogen, but contained unaltered levels of hydroxylamine. Nitrite accumulation was not related to molybdenum deficiency, or altered cellular pH. Nitrate reductase was decreased by Ca deficiency, apparently by repression of enzyme synthesis from accumulated nitrite and not by inhibition of enzyme activity. Nitrite reductase and NADP diaphorase activities were not affected by Ca deficiency, and Ca did not restore activity to nitrite reductase inactivated by cyanide. The results indicated that the role of Ca is in intracellular transport of nitrite and not in induction or activity of enzymes.
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PMID:Evidence for a role of calcium in nitrate assimilation in wheat seedlings. 1665 39

THE ASSIMILATORY NITRATE REDUCTASE (NADH: nitrate oxidoreductase, E.C. 1.6.6.2.) from the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana, Hasle and Heimdal, has been purified 200-fold and characterized. The regulation of nitrate reductase in response to various conditions of nitrogen nutrition has been investigated.Nitrate reductase activity is repressed by the presence of ammonium in vivo, and its synthesis is derepressed when ammonium is absent. The derepression process is sensitive to cycloheximide and apparently requires protein synthesis. Repression of enzyme activity by ammonium is neither inhibited nor delayed by the presence of cycloheximide. In vitro, ammonium does not inhibit enzyme activity.NADH is the physiological electron donor for the enzyme in a flavin-dependent reaction. Spectral studies have indicated the presence of a b-type cytochrome associated with the enzyme. It is possible to observe enzymatic oxidation-reduction reactions which represent partial functions of the over-all electron transport capacity of this enzyme. Nitrate reductase will accept electrons from artificial electron donors such as reduced methyl viologen in a flavin-independent reaction. Further, dithionitereduced flavin adenine dinucleotide can donate electrons to the enzyme to reduce nitrate to nitrite. Finally, the nitrate reductase will exhibit a diaphorase activity and reduce the artificial electron acceptor mammalian cytochrome c in flavin-adeninedinucleotide-dependent reaction.Inhibition studies with potassium cyanide, sodium azide, and o-phenanthroline have yielded indirect evidence for metal component (s) of the enzyme.The inhibition of the NADH-requiring enzyme activities by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate has shown that an essential sulfhydryl group is involved in the initial portion of the electron transport. Heat treatment exerts an effect similar to the p-hydroxymercuribenzoate inhibition; namely, the NADH-requiring activities are rapidly inactivated, whereas the terminal nitrate-reducing activities are relatively stable to heat.The T. pseudonana nitrate reductase molecule has the hydrodynamic properties of an ellipsoid with a frictional coefficient of 1.69 and a molecular weight of 330,000.
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PMID:Purification and Characterization of the Nitrate Reductase from the Diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. 1665 41

Excess iron deposition in tissues leads to organ dysfunction and impairment. In this study, the protective effects of farnesol (FL), an isoprenoid, against Fe-NTA (9 mg iron/kg body weight i.p.)-induced oxidative damage and early tumour promotion markers are evaluated. The pretreatment of iron-intoxicated rats with 1% and 2%/kg body weight oral dose of FL for 7 consecutive days significantly reversed the iron-induced increase in H2O2 content (P < 0.001), malondialdehyde formation, xanthine oxidase activity (P < 0.001), ornithine decarboxylase activity (P < 0.001) and 3[H]thymidine incorporation in renal DNA (P < 0.005) with simultaneous significant depletion in serum toxicity markers blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (P < 0.001). Significant dose-dependent restoration was recorded in renal glutathione content, its dependent enzymes and other phase II metabolizing enzymes viz., catalase, glutathione-S-transferase and quinone reductase (P < 0.001) with prophylactic treatment of FL. Present results support that FL markedly lowers the oxidative damage and appearance of tumour markers, which precludes its development as a chemopreventive tool.
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PMID:Farnesol prevents Fe-NTA-mediated renal oxidative stress and early tumour promotion markers in rats. 1675 65

Ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) is a well-established renal carcinogen. Here, we have shown that Pluchea lanceolata (PL) belonging to the family Asteraceae. PL attenuates Fe-NTA induced renal oxidative stress, hyperproliferative response and renal carcinogenesis in rats. It promoted DEN (N-diethyl nitrosamine) initiated renal carcinogenesis by increasing the percentage incidence of tumors and induces early tumor markers viz. ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and renal DNA synthesis. Fe-NTA (9 mg Fe/kg body weight, intraperitoneally) also enhances renal lipid peroxidation (LPO), xanthine oxidase (XO) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) generation with reduction in renal glutathione content (GSH), antioxidant enzymes, viz., glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and phase-II metabolizing enzymes such as glutathione-S-transferase and quinone reductase (QR). It also enhances blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine. Oral treatment of rats with PL extract (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) resulted in significant decrease in lipid peroxidation (LPO), xanthine oxidase (XO), H(2)O(2) generation, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, renal ODC activity, DNA synthesis (p < 0.001) and incidence of tumors. Renal glutathione content (p < 0.01), its metabolizing enzymes (p < 0.001) and antioxidant enzymes were also recovered to significant level (p < 0.001). Thus, present study supports PL as a potent chemopreventive agent and suppresses Fe-NTA-induced renal carcinogenesis and oxidative damage response in Wistar rat.
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PMID:Modulatory effects of Pluchea lanceolata against chemically induced oxidative damage, hyperproliferation and two-stage renal carcinogenesis in Wistar rats. 1676 95


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