Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.6.5.2 (NQO1)
6,196 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Oral administration of manganese chloride (25 mg/kg b. w. daily) to monkeys for a period of 18 months produced congestion and marked increase in weight of testis. Histopathologic examination revealed interstitial oedema and degeneration of seminiferous tubules. Activities of succinic dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase were significantly inhibited whereas NADH-diaphorase and alkaline phosphatase activities showed only slight inhibition in seminiferous tubules of treated monkeys. It was concluded that chronic exposure to manganese does not produce sever degenerative changes in the testis earlier than metal induced encephalopathy in primates.
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PMID:Manganese induced testicular changes in monkeys. 624 33

Oxygen and glucose consumption and lactate production of the peritoneal membrane and intra-abdominal adhesions were measured in rats after a single intra-peritoneal colloidal silica injection. Enzyme histochemical studies were made of lactate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, NADH2-diaphorase, NADPH2-diaphorase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, leucylaminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase in the peritoneal membrane. Anaerobic glycolysis comprises 47% of the total glucose consumption in the the normal peritoneum. Glucose consumption and lactate production of the peritoneal membrane increased sharply in the early phase of silica-induced peritonitis and stayed at a high level for a week indicating an enhanced anerobic metabolism. Oxygen and aerobic glucose consumption increased more slowly than anaerobic glucose consumption and reached their maxima 1 week after silica injection, indicating that the rate of aerobic metabolism is also higher in chemical peritonitis than in the controls. On the other hand, glucose consumption and lactate production increased in a parallel fashion in adhesions and in the peritoneum in the early phase of peritonitis. However, the maximum and later levels were less in adhesions than in the peritoneum. In the enzyme histochemical study high activities of enzymes indicating anaerobic energy metabolism and metabolism via the pentose phosphate shunt were seen in cells of the peritoneal membrane during the early phase of peritonitis. No activity was identified in enzymes indicating aerobic energy metabolism and increased catabolism before the end of the first week.
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PMID:Energy metabolism of the peritoneal membrane in silica-induced peritonitis. A biochemical and enzyme histochemical study. 625 64

Young rats were exposed to 2, 5, 8 and 10 Gy 50 kV local irradiation. The epiphyseal region of the proximal tibia was examined with histopathologic, histochemical and enzyme histochemical methods 1 to 90 days after irradiation. One day after irradiation, a decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity was noted and increased activity was found for acid phosphatase, NADH2-diaphorase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, especially after 8 and 10 Gy, but also after 5 Gy. Three days after irradiation, all enzymes showed an increased activity and on day 7 the findings resembled those on day 3. Thirty days after irradiation, a return to normal conditions was observed. The most marked morphologic changes were swelling of cells in the hypertrophic cell zone, disturbed order of cells in the zone of proliferation and an increased number of osteoclasts in the metaphyseal bone. These alterations appeared 1 to 3 days after irradiation and normal morphology was seen on day 30 after 2, 5 and 8 Gy and 90 days after irradiation with 10 Gy.
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PMID:Effect of 50 kV irradiation on enzyme activities of growing rat bone. A histopathologic and enzyme histochemical investigation. 630 36

By means of starch electrophoresis, 52 proteins and enzymes of Microtus arvalis and M. subarvalis were studied to establish the extent of their similarity. Out of 52 markers studied, 7 proteins and enzymes had different electrophoretic mobility: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), diaphorase (DP), adenylate kinase (AK), lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB), alpha-galactosidase (GAL) and hemoglobin (Hb), which make up to 13% of all the enzymes and proteins studied. The differences found between the two species studied by electrophoretic mobility of G6PD, AK, GAL and Hb, as well as the absence of intraspecific polymorphism for the above proteins permit to consider these proteins as species-specific markers, with the help of which M. arvalis and M. subarvalis can be distinguished. It should be emphasized that intraspecific polymorphism was found for PGD, LDHB and DP in M. arvalis, while in M. subarvalis these proteins were monomorphic and identical, in their electrophoretic mobility, to one of electrophoretic variants of M. arvalis. Therefore, only one of allelic variants of PGD, LDHB and DP is species-specific. Estimation of the extent of genetic similarity based on analysis of distribution of gene frequencies for polymorphic loci of M. arvalis and M. subarvalis by means of Nei's method gave the value of 0.312, the genetic distance being 1.164. The data obtained, together with the known cytogenetic data, point to a species rank of the species studied. Moreover, in spite of the morphological similarity between M. arvalis and M. subarvalis, the estimation of genetic similarity proved to be close to that for morphologically contrasting species.
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PMID:[Evaluation of the degree of genetic divergence in the twin species of the common vole Microtus arvalis and Microtus subarvalis (Rodentia)]. 638 3

The electrophoretic mobilities of 52 enzymes and proteins were used as measures of the genetic similarity between the sibling species Microtus arvalis and M. subarvalis. The two vole species differed in the electrophoretic mobilities of seven (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, adenylate kinase, diaphorase, lactate dehydrogenase-A, alpha-galactosidase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and hemoglobin) of these markers. This allowed us to accept the seven markers assayed as species-specific markers. Based on the frequency distribution of the genes at the polymorphic loci of M. arvalis and M. subarvalis, the degree of their genetic similarity was estimated as 0.312 and the genetic distance as 1.164 by Nei's formula. The estimates for genetic similarity were close to those obtained for species recognized as distinct.
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PMID:An estimation of the degree of the genetic divergence of sibling species Microtus arvalis and Microtus subarvalis (Rodentia) based on electrophoretic analysis. 639 94

The genetic structure of three Asiatic eskimos subpopulations (402 individuals), five coast chuckchies subpopulations (1793 individuals) and three reindeer chuckchies subpopulations (559 individuals) have been studied for 26 electrophoretic protein systems (33 loci). These are: adenilate-kinase (AK), diaphorase NAD X H (Dia), glyoxalase-1 (GLO-1), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (6GPT), glutamatpyruvate transaminase (GPT), glutamicoxalate transaminase (GOT), carbonic anhydrase-1 (Ca-1), catalase (Ct), acid phosphatase (AcP), lactate dehydrogenase (loci LDH-A and LDH-B), leucine aminopeptidase (Lap), malatedehydrogenase (MDH), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), superoxide dismutase (Sod), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), phosphoglucomutase (loci PGM1 and PGM2), cholinesterase (loci c1--c5), alkaline phosphatase (Pp), esterase D (EsD), red cell esterase (Est) - 4 loci, albumin (Alb), haptoglobin (Hp), hemoglobine (Hb A and B), group-specific component (Gc), transferrin (Tf), ceruloplasmin (Cp). In addition, AB0 and Rh system blood groups and phenyl thiocarbamide taste sensitivity (PTC) have been studied. 12 of 36 loci are polymorphic (33.33%), heterozygosity for all loci in eskimos, coastal and reindeer chuckchies being 0.118 +/- 0.005, 0.130 +/- 0.002 and 0.120 +/- 0.004, respectively. These estimates do not differ essentially from heterozygosity at these loci for mongoloid groups living further south. The test for interpopulation heterogeneity has permitted to estimate contribution of the loci to the differentiation of these populations. The least heterogeneity has been found at loci where gene frequency distribution is the most specific for these ethnic groups.
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PMID:[Genetic structure of the populations of native inhabitants in the northeastern USSR. III. Asiatic Eskimos and the coast and reindeer Chukchi]. 643 3

We have extended the method of active-enzyme chromatography to include the use of broad zones of enzyme. This allows examination of interacting systems in a way formally analogous to sedimentation velocity so that simulation of the observed activity profiles is possible. The method has been applied using pyridine nucleotide-linked active enzyme assays. At the concentrations presently accessible by this technique, hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, both associating systems, show single symmetrical boundaries, as does isolated diaphorase, while pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenases show more complex patterns, with the position of the reaction boundary for diaphorase activity being dependent on enzyme concentration.
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PMID:Broad-zone active-enzyme chromatography. Keto-acid dehydrogenases as associating systems. 668 56

Effects of feeding mice and rats with 2(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) and 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT), the two most commonly used food-additive phenolic antioxidants with known anticarcinogenic properties but with only minor differences in their chemical structures, have been compared to search for common effects between the two agents in two different rodent species and then applied toward better understanding of the mechanisms involved in their protective actions. In liver microsomes of treated mice, both BHA and BHT enhanced the relative activity of aniline ring hydroxylation but decreased the relative benzo(a)pyrene monooxidase activities. However, in rats, although aniline ring hydroxylation activity was decreased by both compounds, the decrease of benzo(a)pyrene monooxidase activity was observed only with BHT. Thus, common effects could not be recognized at the microsomal mixed-function oxidase level. Contrary to expectations based on chemical structures, BHT feeding elevated by epoxide hydrolase activity to an even greater extent than that produced by BHA, especially in rats. However, enzyme activities involved in the glucuronide conjugation system (uridine diphosphate:glucuronyl transferase, uridine diphosphate:glucose dehydrogenase, and quinone reductase) are all elevated by both antioxidants in both rodent species. With BHA treatment, the levels of acid-soluble thiols were increased in both rats and mice. However, with BHT, the level was increased only in mice but not in rats. Similar trends were produced for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, but glutathione reductase activity was increased even for BHT-treated rats. Additionally, the glutathione S-transferase activities were also increased by both antioxidant treatments and in both rodent species. Based on these results, the elevations of epoxide hydrolase activity along with the enhanced glucuronide conjugation and glutathione oxidation and reduction conjugation system enzyme activities were common to both compounds in both rodent species. This suggests their involvement in anticarcinogenic mechanisms. Increases of these detoxification enzyme activities appeared to be all designed to accelerate the elimination of administered antioxidants but, inadvertantly, conferring protective effects from xenobiotics such as carcinogens.
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PMID:Comparative effects of dietary administration of 2(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene on several hepatic enzyme activities in mice and rats. 680 43

Danazol (4 mg/day/animal) and oestradiol-17 beta (100 microgram/day/animal) were administered subcutaneously for 22 and 15 days respectively. The testis and epididymis were histochemically analysed for steroid dehydrogenases, NADH-diaphorase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and lipids. Both steroids significantly reduced the weights of the testis and other accessory reproductive organs. The activities of delta 5-3 beta- and 17 beta-HSD were markedly reduced in the seminiferous epithelium and interstitial cells of the testis. Sudanophilic lipids accumulated in the seminiferous tubules and the interstitium. Oestradiol generally had a greater effect than did danazol, but both probably affect the testicular function by inhibiting steroidogenesis.
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PMID:A histochemical study of the effect of danazol and oestradiol-17 beta on steroidogenic activity in testis and epididymis of the gerbil, Tatera indica. 693 36

In the early stages of experiments there was a structural-metabolic reconstruction in the adrenal cortex, manifest by changes in interzonal relations and dissociation of the activity of enzymes responsible for energy supply and synthesis of steroid hormones. Analogous changes were also seen later on. However, in the early stages that process was a response to the pancreas injury, whereas in the later period it preceded the emergence of repeated lesions in the gland. In animals with experimental pancreatitis, administration of metapyrone caused an activation of NAD-diaphorase in the glomerular and reticular zones and concurrent potentiation of the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in all 3 zones of the adrenal cortex.
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PMID:[Histoenzymological characteristics of the adrenal cortical reaction in variants of experimental pancreatitis]. 695 49


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