Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.6.5.2 (NQO1)
 6,196 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The pectoralis (pars thoracicus) of the domestic pigeon (Columba livia) is divisible into two anatomical parts, the pars sternobrachialis (SB) and the pars thoracobrachialis (TB). Innervation to this complex is from rostral and caudal branches of the brachial ventral cord. In four anesthetized pigeons, the distribution of muscle units associated with each nerve branch was mapped after prolonged stimulation of each nerve and subsequent analysis for muscle fiber glycogen. An additional three animals were used to analyze the morphology, distribution, and histochemical profiles of the muscle fibers in the SB and TB subregions. Fibers were characterized on the basis of their reactions for myofibrillar adenosine triphosphates (alkaline and acid preincubation) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase (NADH-D). The SB is primarily innervated by the rostral nerve branch and the TB by the caudal nerve branch. For two-thirds of the muscle's length, the SB is separated from the TB by an aponeurosis, the membrana intermuscularis (MI). SB and TB fibers located posteroventral to the caudal margin of the MI are innervated variously by both nerves. Two populations of fibers were recognized, distinguishable primarily by 1) fiber diameter and 2) density of the NADH-D reaction product. Compared to the TB, the SB possesses a higher average percentage of large fibers. Within the SB but not the TB the percentage of large fibers increases from deep to superficial. These data support our previous findings that the pars thoracicus of the pigeon is partitioned into at least two functional subunits, each with a potential for independent action on the wing during flight.
Anat Rec 1989 Jul
PMID:Neuromuscular organization of the pectoralis (pars thoracicus) of the pigeon (Columba livia): implications for motor control. 278 25

To determine the effect of a soft diet and aging on the masticatory motor unit, we investigated the morphologic and metabolic properties of the superficial masseter muscle and its motoneurons in rats. Twenty rats were divided into four groups of five rats: rats fed a hard diet until 4 months after birth (hard, young), rats fed a soft diet until 4 months after birth (soft, young), rats fed a hard diet until 22 months after birth (hard, old), and rats fed a soft diet until 22 months after birth (soft, old). The diameter of the fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic muscle fiber was significantly smaller in the soft than the hard, and in the old than the young groups. The glycolytic enzyme (phosphofructokinase) activity of the muscle was significantly weaker in the old than the young group. There was no significant difference in soma diameter of the motoneurons between the soft and hard group, while the diameter was significantly larger in the old than in the young group. There was no significant difference in NADH-diaphorase activity of the motoneurons between the soft and hard group, while significantly less activity was demonstrated in the old than in the young group. The reduction in motor unit activity caused by the soft diet is considered to influence the morphologic and metabolic properties in the superficial masseter muscle but not in its motoneurons. The reduction in the oxidative enzyme activity of motoneurons with aging may occur regardless of the reduction in motor unit activity.
Anat Rec 1993 Nov
PMID:Effect of soft diet and aging on rat masseter muscle and its motoneuron. 829 95

2-(Pro-1-ynyl)-5-(5,6-dihydroxypenta-1,3-diynyl) thiophene (PYDDT) is a naturally occurring thiophene isolated from the roots of Echinops grijsii, a Chinese herbal medicine used to treat colon cancer, breast cancer, and lung cancer. There are many reports on the clinical use of Echinops grijsii alone or in combination with other herbs to treat malignant tumors. We previously reported that the expression and activity of phase II enzymes including GSTs and NQO1 could be induced through the activation of Keap1-Nrf2 pathway by the treatment of PYDDT. In this study, we reported the anticancer effect and mechanism of PYDDT against human colon cancer SW620 cells. Our results demonstrate that treatment of SW620 cells with PYDDT leads to induction of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, which is characterized by the cleavage of PARP, activation of caspase 9 and caspase 3, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, down-regulation of Bcl-2, and mitochondrial translocation of Bax. The PYDDT treatment caused the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the activation of JNK but not p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases and ERK1/2. Specific JNK inhibitor SP600125 prevented the PYDDT-induced down-regulation of Bcl-2, mitochondrial translocation of Bax, activation of caspase 3, and apoptosis of SW620 cells. Moreover, PYDDT-induced apoptosis as well as activation of JNK was abrogated by the pretreatment with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. Taken together, these findings suggest that PYDDT induces apoptosis in SW620 cells through a ROS/JNK-mediated mitochondrial pathway.
Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2015 Feb
PMID:2-(Pro-1-ynyl)-5-(5,6-dihydroxypenta-1,3-diynyl) thiophene induces apoptosis through reactive oxygen species-mediated JNK activation in human colon cancer SW620 cells. 2517 91