Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Pivot Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
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Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Query: EC:1.6.3.1 (
NADPH oxidase
)
11,281
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
Plant signaling mechanisms are not completely understood in plant-fungal biotrophic pathogen interactions. Further how such interactions are influenced by compatible rhizosphere microbes are also not well-studied. Therefore, we explored the pea-
Erysiphe pisi
(obligate biotroph) system to understand the interaction and applied compatible rhizospheric bio-agents
Trichoderma asperellum
(T42) and
Pseudomonas fluorescens
(OKC) singly or in combination to assess their influence on the host while under the pathogen challenge. Transcript accumulation pattern of some vital genes in the lignin biosynthetic pathway in pea under
E. pisi
challenge indicated enhanced activation of the pathway. Interestingly, transcript accumulations were even higher in the bio-agent treated plants compared to untreated plants after pathogen inoculation particularly in co-inoculated treatments. Further, down regulation of the lignifications-associated ABC transporter gene in the pathogen challenged plants possibly is an indication of passive diffusion of monolignols across the membrane from symplast. Additionally, up regulation of
NADPH oxidase
gene revealed ROS generation in the challenged plants which was confirmed through spectrophotometric estimation of H
2
O
2
. Up regulation of
laccase
and peroxidase along with higher H
2
O
2
generation points out their involvement in lignifications which was further confirmed through cross section analysis of pea stems that showed increased lignifications in pathogen challenged plants co-inoculated with the bioagents. Interestingly, pathogen responsive MAPK homologs MAPK3/MAPK6 and the enzyme serine threonine kinase that activates MAPKs were down regulated and the results possibly indicate non-participation of the MAPK cascade in this interaction. Therefore, it can be concluded that the microbial treatments enhanced pea resistance to
E. pisi
by generation of ROS and lignifications.
...
PMID:
Trichoderma asperellum
(T42) and
Pseudomonas fluorescens
(OKC)-Enhances Resistance of Pea against
Erysiphe pisi
through Enhanced ROS Generation and Lignifications. 2830 23
Mechanical damage can induce fruiting body production in fungi. In this study, the antioxidant kojic acid (KA) was found to enhance injured mycelial regeneration and increase fruiting body production in Hypsizygus marmoreus. KA reduced the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are harmful to mycelia when excessively generated by mechanical damage. Moreover, KA increased catalase and superoxide dismutase activities and glutathione and ascorbic acid contents by up-regulating antioxidant gene expression. These results suggest that KA promotes mycelial regeneration in response to damage by activating a "stress signal" and enhances the ability of H. marmoreus to resist oxidative damage by invoking the antioxidant system. In addition, KA increased the content of extracellular ATP, which serves as a "stress signal" in response to injury, and modulated ROS signaling, decreasing
NADPH oxidase
gene expression and ROS levels in the mycelial-regeneration stage. KA treatment also up-regulated the MAPK, Ca2+ and oxylipin pathways, suggesting their involvement in the damage response. Furthermore,
laccase
and cellulase activities were stimulated by KA at different developmental stages. These results demonstrate that KA regulates gene expression and activates pathways for mycelial wound healing, regeneration of damaged mycelia and reproductive structure formation in the basidiomycete H. marmoreus.
...
PMID:Kojic acid-mediated damage responses induce mycelial regeneration in the basidiomycete Hypsizygus marmoreus. 2911 27
Mixing cultures induces the biosynthesis of
laccase
in mixed cells, produces signal molecules, and regulates the production of mixed-cell metabolites. The fungal strain, which promotes
laccase
production, has been isolated and screened from the host bamboos of endophytic fungi and identified as Phoma sp. BZJ6. When the culture medium is mainly composed of soluble starch, yeast extract, and Phoma sp., the
laccase
output can reach 4,680 U/L. Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were found to promote the regulation of
laccase
synthesis. Plasma membrane
NAD(P)H oxidase
inhibitors and NO-specific quenchers can inhibit not only the accumulation of ROS induced and NO synthesis but also the biosynthesis of
laccase
. The results indicate that the accumulation of superoxide anion radical (O
2
-
) and hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
) induced by the mixed culture was partially dependent on NO. The mixed culture can also reduce the biomass, increase the synthesis of total phenolics and flavonoids, and enhance the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone isomerase. This phenomenon is probably the result of the activated phenylpropanoids-flavonoid pathway. Results confirmed that the mixture culture is advantageous for
laccase
production and revealed that NO, O
2
-
, and H
2
O
2
are necessary signal molecules to induce
laccase
synthesis.
...
PMID:Conditions and Regulation of Mixed Culture to Promote Shiraia bambusicola and Phoma sp. BZJ6 for Laccase Production. 2925 12
