Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.5.1.19 (NOS)
 7,285 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the present work, we have examined the effects of selective inhibition of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in rat medulla by aminoguanidine (AG) on the arterial pressure of Dahl salt sensitive (DS), Dahl salt-resistant (DR) and Sprague Dawley (SD) rats by chronic in vivo hemodynamic experiment, the effect of sodium chloride (NaCl) or NaCl plus AG infusion on urinary nitrate/nitrite (urinary NO3/NO2 UNO(x)), the end product of nitric oxide (NO), excretion, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and plasma renin activity (PRA). Furthermore, an iNOS activity assay was also made. The results showed that AG infusion significantly augmented the pressor response of DS and SD rats to high NaCl (8%) intake, and decreased GFR, ERPF and PRA of DS rats. In addition, in DS rats, renal medullary interstitial administration of high NaCl significantly elevated the iNOS activity of renal tissue, especially inner medulla and outer medulla, and greatly increased UNO(x) excretion. Therefore, it is concluded that inducible NOS is an important modulator of blood pressure in case of NaCl-induced hypertension.
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PMID:Role of renal medullary inducible nitric oxide synthase in the regulation of arterial pressure. 1196 77

The cloning vectors pMD-DCA1 and pMD-CA containing the promoters of duplicated carbonic anhydrase 1 (DCA1) and carbonic anhydrase (CA) genes, respectively, from Dunaliella salina, and expression vector pDM307 containing bar-NOS polyA fragment were digested with EcoR I. The bar-NOS polyA fragment was fused, respectively, to the fragments of the vectors pMD-DCA1 and pMD-CA to form transgenic D. salina expression vectors pMDDC-B and pMDC-B. The micro-shots were prepared by coating two constructs (pMDDC-B and pMDC-B) with gold particle. Each sample was bombarded once, twice, and thrice, respectively, with micro-projectile gun at a rupture pressure of 690 kPa in helium gas. The screening culture of the bombarded alga cells was performed in PKS liquid and solid medium containing 3 mg/L phosphinothricin (PPT) to develop the transformed cells of D. salina. Analyses of the transformed cells were carried out through PCR, Southern blotting, and Northern blotting. The results of screening culture showed that the expression of the external bar gene of vectors pMDDC-B and pMDC-B was stable and transient, respectively, in the transformed D. salina cells. In the meantime, the transformed efficiency of particle bombardment twice was higher than that of once or thrice particle bombardment at a rupture pressure of 690 kPa in helium gas. PCR and Southern blotting analyses indicated that the external bar gene was integrated into the genome of the cells. Northern analysis indicated that expression efficiency of the bar gene driven by DCA1 promoter was regulated by the gradient concentration of sodium chloride, and the positive blotting signal intensity of the bar mRNA was highest in the medium containing 2 mol/L of sodium chloride. The findings of the present study suggest that promoter of the DCA1 gene may be an inducible promoter following a hyperosmotic shock with high activity and safety in the research of transgenic D. salina. The tandem GT sequences of the promoter region of DCA1 and CA genes may be related to the molecular mechanisms of the extreme halo-toleration of the unicellular green alga, D. salina.
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PMID:[Cloning and functional analyses of promoters of two carbonic anhydrase genes from Dunaliella salina]. 1555 53

The present studies determined the sensitivity of mean arterial pressure (MAP) to sodium intake in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) knockout mice, wild-type mice (C56BL/6J), and wild-type mice intravenously administered the nonspecific NOS inhibitor N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 8.6 mg/kg/d). Arterial blood pressure was measured from chronically implanted femoral arterial catheters in conscious, freely moving mice. The MAP was unaltered from the low sodium ( approximately 200 microEq/d) intake level of 106 +/- 3 mm Hg in wild-type mice when sodium intake was increased to approximately 1000 microEq/d (n = 12). Chronic administration of L-NAME to wild-type mice led to a sodium-dependent increase in MAP from 111 +/- 7 mm Hg to 124 +/- 5 mm Hg when the mice were placed on an elevated sodium intake (n = 7). In contrast to the L-NAME-treated mice, MAP was unaltered in eNOS knockout mice (n = 8) when sodium intake was increased (128 +/- 3 mm Hg v 129 +/- 5 mm Hg). These experiments demonstrate that eNOS knockout and L-NAME-treated wild-type mice are hypertensive relative to wild-type controls when sodium intake is elevated, but only L-NAME-treated mice exhibited a sodium-sensitive increase in MAP. Therefore, nitric oxide produced by eNOS does not appear to be important in the physiologic adaptation to elevated sodium chloride intake.
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PMID:Sodium sensitivity of arterial blood pressure in L-NAME hypertensive but not eNOS knockout mice. 1650 May 22

Hypertonic sodium pyruvate (HSP), as well as ethyl pyruvate solutions, has been proposed as resuscitative fluids in the treatment of hemorrhagic shock (HS) because of their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The effectiveness of one pyruvate preparation over the other in the treatment of HS has not been evaluated. The authors aimed to compare two pyruvate solutions for resuscitation and their mechanisms of action in rats during HS. The effects of infusion of low-volume HSP were compared against high-volume Ringer's ethyl pyruvate on hemodynamic parameters, inflammatory cascade, and regulation of stress and apoptosis-related proteins in the liver. Sprague-Dawley rats were either treated as sham animals or subjected to computer-controlled arterial hemorrhage (40 mmHg) for 60 min followed by resuscitation with isotonic sodium chloride solution, hypertonic saline, Ringer's lactate solution, Ringer's ethyl pyruvate, or HSP for 60 min. Animals were continuously monitored for hemodynamic and biochemical parameters in blood. At the end of the experiment, animals were killed, and liver samples were taken for the evaluation of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers and mediators of oxidative stress, liver injury, and expression of apoptotic signaling proteins. In comparison with Ringer's ethyl pyruvate, HSP administration after hemorrhage reduced liver injury, which was associated with increased levels of serum and tissue inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory mediators such as NOS and cyclooxygenase 2, lipid peroxidation, and higher hepatocellular adenosine triphosphate. Cellular apoptotic events related to the activation of caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase cleavage were also decreased by sodium pyruvate. Resuscitation with small-volume HSP offers significant protection against inflammatory and oxidative stress and in preventing liver injury compared with large-volume Ringer's ethyl pyruvate.
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PMID:Hypertonic sodium pyruvate solution is more effective than Ringer's ethyl pyruvate in the treatment of hemorrhagic shock. 1995 8

Present work highlights the involvement of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) in sodium chloride (NaCl)-induced biochemical regulation of seedling growth in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L., cv. Morden). The growth response is dependent on NaCl concentration to which seedlings are exposed, they being tolerant to 40 mM NaCl and showing a reduction in extension growth at 120 mM NaCl. NaCl sensitivity of sunflower seedlings accompanies a fourfold increase in Na(+) /K(+) ratio in roots (as compared to that in cotyledons) and rapid transport of Na(+) to the cotyledons, thereby enhancing Na(+) /K(+) ratio in cotyledons as well. A transient increase in endogenous NO content, primarily contributed by putative NOS activity in roots of 4-day-old seedlings subjected to NaCl stress and the relative reduction in Na(+) /K(+) ratio after 4 days, indicates that NO regulates Na(+) accumulation, probably by affecting the associated transporter proteins. Root tips exhibit an early and transient enhanced expression of 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate (DAF-2DA) positive NO signal in the presence of 120 mM NaCl. Oil bodies from 2-day-old seedling cotyledons exhibit enhanced localization of NO signal in response to 120 mM NaCl treatment, coinciding with a greater retention of the principal oil body membrane proteins, i.e. oleosins. Abolition of DAF positive fluorescence by the application of specific NO scavenger [2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyllimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO)] authenticates the presence of endogenous NO. These novel findings provide evidence for a possible protective role of NO during proteolytic degradation of oleosins prior to/accompanying lipolysis.
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PMID:Sodium chloride stress induces nitric oxide accumulation in root tips and oil body surface accompanying slower oleosin degradation in sunflower seedlings. 2073 3