Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.4.1.2 (glutamate dehydrogenase)
 4,380 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In rats, shortly after ligation of superior mesenteric artery serum enzyme activities are found significantly altered. Those changes concern aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), alanine aminotransferase (GPT), lipase, alpha amylase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase as well as glutamate dehydrogenase. The causes are discussed. The authors emphasize that the assessment of serum enzymes possibly gives some help in diagnosing acute intestinal ischemias in early stages.
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PMID:[Behavior of various serum enzymes following ligation of the superior mesenteric artery in the rat (preliminary report)]. 60 23

Using quantitative fluorometric micro methods the presence of glutamate dehydrogenase, acid galactosidase, and acid glucuronidase was detected in pancreatic islets of the rat. Some properties of these enzymes and of malate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and acid phosphatase were investigated. It has been shown that subcellular fractions of homogenates of islets of Langerhans can be characterized by using glutamate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and acid hydrolases as marker enzymes for mitochondria, cytosol, and lysosomes, respectively. The degree of contamination from acinar tissue in the islet preparations was calculated from the amylase activity of the homogenates.
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PMID:Oxidoreductases and hydrolases as marker enzymes for ultracentrifugation of islets of Langerhans of rats. 79 53

Seventeen serum markers (including 9 enzyme activities) for eventual tissue damage were studied after ESWL in 40 patients with unilateral kidney calculosis. No changes were established in the 8 non-enzymic parameters and the activities of amylase, lipase, AST (GOT), ALT (GPT) and CK-MB. A statistically significant increase was found in LDH, alpha-HBDH, CK (twice) and glutamate dehydrogenase (3 times). The slight elevation of LDH and alpha-HBDH could be due to haemolysis caused by the shock waves. Increased activity of CK suggested myolysis and that of GlDH a hepatocellular damage.
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PMID:Acute changes of serum markers for tissue damage after ESWL of kidney stones. 188 66

Proteins characteristic for the adult cellular phenotype, i.e., carbamoylphosphate synthetase (CPS) for liver and small intestine, arginase for liver, glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) for pancreas, liver, and small intestine, and amylase for pancreas were studied immunohistochemically in rat embryos and fetuses. At distinct developmental stages, subsets of enzymes appear synchronously in the foregut derivatives, suggesting that gene expression in the different organs is regulated by common factors. In contrast to the long-held opinion that fetal hepatocytes are a homogeneous cell population, it is shown that arginase and CPS are heterogeneously distributed between ED 16 and ED 20. This heterogeneity is related to the vascular architecture of the liver and disappears perinatally as the result of strong stimulation of enzyme synthesis. In addition, an intercellular heterogeneity in CPS content that is not related to the vasculature is observed between ED 14 and ED 20. This "random" heterogeneity reflects temporal differences in the onset of CPS accumulation in individual cells.
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PMID:Gene expression in derivatives of embryonic foregut during prenatal development of the rat. 245 6

Thirty strains were isolated from pasteurized soil samples by enrichment culture in aerobiosis at 32 degrees C in a minimal medium containing one of the following compounds as sole source of carbon and energy: quinate, p-hydroxybenzoate, phthalate, isophthalate or trimellitate. These bacteria were rods (0.8 X 2-7 micron), motile by peritrichous flagella. Endospores were oval (1.4-1.8 X 2 micron) and distinctly swelled the sporangia. The Gram reaction was variable but the Gram type was positive. Colonies were smaller on peptone (0.4%) agar than on minimal salts-glucose (0.2%) agar. The following characters were always present: growth in the presence of lysozyme, cytochrome c oxidase, catalase, nitrate assimilation, urease, amylase and L-glutamate dehydrogenase. The cells contained glycogen. In anaerobiosis, glucose was not fermented and nitrate was not used as a respiratory acceptor of electrons. Of 215 substrates tested, 31 (including 9 aromatic compounds) were used as sole carbon and energy sources by all 30 strains, and 38 substrates (including 13 aromatic compounds) were used by only some of them; 146 substrates (including 49 aromatic compounds) were not used by any of the 30 strains. No amino acid could be used as sole carbon and energy source. Numerical analysis of the 30 strains showed an aggregate cluster made of 5 phena. The mean G + C content of the DNA was 55 +/- 0.6 mol %. The described bacteria are clearly different from the 2 known species of the second morphological group which cannot ferment carbohydrates: Bacillus brevis and B. azotoformans. Strain Q1 (ATCC 29948) is the holotype of Bacillus gordonae sp. nov.
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PMID:[Bacillus gordonae sp. nov., a new species belonging to the second morphological group, degrading various aromatic compounds]. 367 81

We analyzed the stability of the enzymes alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1), alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2), aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1), creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2), glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.3), gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2) and lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) of a human serum pool during storage in liquid nitrogen for a period of 10 months. Except amylase and creatine kinase, all enzymes were stable. Amylase increased in activity, creatine kinase activity decreased. Therefore, human serum stored at -196 degrees C can be used as satisfactory substitute for lyophilized enzyme control serum in internal quality control and stable enzyme material for optimization of methods.
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PMID:Long-term stability of enzymes in human serum stored in liquid nitrogen. 614 44

The numerous physiological and nutritional factors which influence the concentration of serum calcium are considered. The causes of hypercalcaemia and hypocalcaemia are briefly discussed, with particular reference to the clinical symptoms and pathology. The effect of the acid-base status on the serum-ionized calcium level is stressed. The causes of changes in the serum concentrations of phosphorus and magnesium are briefly reviewed, along with the abnormalities of lactate, pyruvate, and hydrogen ion concentrations. The kidney function tests, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and the renal clearance tests are discussed, with emphasis placed on correlating their results with the findings from repeated urinalyses. The important physiologic influences and pathological processes which result in changes in the concentrations of these parameters are delineated. The causes of increases in the serum enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, asparate transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, glutamic dehydrogenase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, creatinine phosphokinase, amylase and lipase are discussed. The changes in serum bilirubin concentration and its components are fully described, with emphasis placed on the correlation of the findings with urinalysis data and the complexities resulting from the numerous pathologic conditions causing jaundice. These conditions are listed for each of the domestic animals. The other liver function tests, bromosulphthalein dye retention or excretion, serum uric acid and blood ammonia concentration are briefly considered. All the tests described are very useful, and frequently essential, in aiding the veterinary practitioner to arrive at a diagnosis and prognosis, but they never replace clinical acumen.
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PMID:Correlation of changes in blood chemistry with pathological changes in the animal's body: II Electrolytes, kidney function tests, serum enzymes, and liver function tests. 727 79

Hyperstimulation with the cholecystokinin analogue cerulein induces mild edematous pancreatitis in rats. It is believed that an impaired energy metabolism diminishes the cellular defense capacity in the inflamed pancreatic tissue and, therefore, contributes to the injuries in acinar cells. In the present study, changes in the capacity of oxidative phosphorylation were quantified within the first 24 h after subcutaneous cerulein injections. Serum amylase level and pancreatic water content were maximally elevated 5 h after the first injection. The capacity of mitochondrial respiration was reduced in isolated acinar cells to 69 and 44% at 5 and 24 h, respectively, compared to that in saline controls. Simultaneously, glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) activity dropped to 70 and 46%. The respiration rates of acinar cells and of isolated mitochondria related to GLDH activities were not different from controls. This suggests that the major portion of the mitochondrial population within the acinar cell is inactivated in the course of cerulein treatment. After 24 h, the reduced population of functionally intact mitochondria restricted the rate of phosphorylating respiration in acinar cells (52%), which resulted in a diminution of cellular ATP to 57%. It is concluded that cerulein hyperstimulation induces a drastic and long-lasting reduction of the capacity for mitochondrial ATP production which may adversely affect energy-requiring reactions of the gland during regeneration.
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PMID:Effect of supramaximal cerulein stimulation on mitochondrial energy metabolism in rat pancreas. 943 68

In the post-gizzard gut of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris, distinguishing the functions of the luminal epithelium from those of the chloragogenous tissue has been hindered by the close apposition of these two tissues. Moreover, both tissues may have different functions from the anterior to the posterior of the animal. We analyzed the gut luminal contents of L. terrestris so as to gain a better understanding of the function of the luminal epithelium. The intestine was divided into four regions from anterior to posterior, and the water-soluble portion of the luminal contents of these four regions was analyzed for protease and amylase activity, calcium and ammonium ions, and protein. The same four regions of the gut wall were analyzed for glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and serine dehydratase (SDH) to determine their location with reference to the site of ammonia production. We observed high levels of proteases, amylase, protein and calcium ions in the gut luminal contents of the first two regions, and a significant decline of all four variables in region III. Conversely, ammonia was low in the gut contents of regions I and II but rose sharply in region III, which was also the region to which the tissue enzymes GDH and SDH were localized. The ammonia content of earthworm casts was observed to be much higher than that of the surrounding soil. These data are presented as partial evidence for the proposal that the excretory ammonia produced by feeding earthworms is a product of the luminal epithelium of region III of the gut. It is also proposed that ammonia and calcium may function as ion-exchangers in the absorptive function of the earthworm gut.
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PMID:Water-soluble luminal contents of the gut of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris L. and their physiological significance. 1142 7

The activity of 10 enzymes separated by acrylamide disc gel electrophoresis of leaf and stem extracts from Dianthus grown under summer and winter conditions was studied. While banding was constant and highly reproducible under each environment, differences between the 3 cultivars and between the tissues were evident. No significant differences in the isozyme patterns of glutamate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and catalase were observed between the 2 environments. Loss of activity was observed under winter conditions with amylase and lactate dehydrogenase and loss of certain isozymic components was evident with acid phosphatase and esterase. Prominent changes were observed in peroxidase isozymes, the hardy cultivars developing additional isozymic components under winter conditions. Only minor changes in the total protein banding were seen. The enzymes showed considerable stability in those tissues killed by the freezing conditions.
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PMID:Plant Leaf and Stem Proteins. II. Isozymes and Environmental Cabbage. 1665 48


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